Overview
Family : Herrings , shads , sardines , menhadens ; Migrates northward in the Black Sea in spring and early summer. Feeds mainly on small fishes ( Engraulis, Clupeonella, Sprattus ), but also crustaceans ( Crangon, Upogebia, Idothea , gammarids). Spawns in rivers from mid-May to mid-August in lower reaches to as much as 500 km or more upstream . The young descend quickly but remain in or near deltas or estuaries until winter. Reaches a smaller size (30 cm SL , usually 14-18) in Don River; a smaller form reaches only 21 cm.
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Bulgarian:
Dunavska Skumriya, Karagyoz
Common Names in Danish:
Eichwalds Stamsild, Kaspisk Stamsild
Common Names in Dutch:
Zwarte-Zeeëlft
Common Names in English:
Black Sea Herring, Black Sea Shad, Kerch Black Sea Shad, Kerch Shad, Pontic Shad
Common Names in French:
Alose, Alose De La Mer Noire
Common Names in German:
Donauhering
Common Names in Greek:
Σαρδελομάνα Πόντου, Sardelomana Pontou
Common Names in Italian:
Alosa Del Mar Nero
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
長體西鯡
Common Names in Persian:
Posht Siah, Puzanok, Zalun
Common Names in Polish:
Sledz Czarnomorski
Common Names in Portuguese:
Sável Do Mar Negro, Sável-Do-Mar Negro
Common Names in Rumanian:
Scrumbie De Dunare, Scumbie De Dunare
Common Names in Russian:
черноморско-азовская проходная сельд , Chernomorskaya Sel'd, Chernomorskaya Seld, Chernomorsko-Azovskaya Sel'd', Dunayskaya Sel'd, Tchernomorsko-Asovskaya Sel'd
Common Names in Spanish:
Alosa Pontica, Sábalo Del Mar Negro
Common Names in Swedish:
Svartahavs-Staksill
Common Names in Turkish:
Ringa Baligi
Description
Family Clupeidae
Distribution: global (mostly tropical ) from 70° N to about 60° S. Chiefly marine coastal and schooling fishes ; some freshwater and anadromous . Body usually fusiform , round to strongly compressed . Head without scales ; jaw teeth, when present, are small or minute. A single dorsal fin, small and near midpoint of body; pelvic fins more or less below dorsal fin base ; dorsal and pelvic fins absent in some species; soft rays only. Lateral line spanning a few scales behind the head in some species, missing in others; scales cycloid (smooth to touch); abdominal scutes usually present (a single pelvic scute in the Dussumieriinae). Branchiostegal rays usually 5-10. Most feed on small planktonic animals. Size range (adults ): from 2 to 75 cm. One of the most important family of commercial fishes, processed for food, oil , or fish meal .The family Clupeidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Clupeiformes. It contains 66 genera and 216 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is carangiform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the lower Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. This family may be found from 70° n to 55° s and 180° w to 179° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield ; doubtless a reference to the scales covering the body of the fish + Greek, odous = teeth
Habitat
May be found at depths of 3 to 90 meters.
Biome: Fresh water , brackish water, saltwater . Pelagic.
Biology
Migration
Anadromous .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Order:
Clupeiformes
()
- Suborder:
Clupeoidei
()
-
- Suborder:
Clupeoidei
(
- Order:
Clupeiformes
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Ambiguous Synonyms
- Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835
- Alosa kessleri pontica Pavlov 1959
- Clupea piltschardus (Non Walbaum, 1814)
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Alosa kessleri pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
- Alosa pontica moriac Antipa, 1909
- Alosa pontica pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
- Caspialosa kessleri pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
- Caspialosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
- Clupea eichwaldi Grimm, 1901
- Clupea eichwaldii Grimm, 1901
- Clupea pontica Eichwald, 1838
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 24-Jul-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Alosa
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 109 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. aestavalis · A. aestivalis (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. agone (Mediterranean Shad) · A. alabamae (Alabama Shad?names of Fishes 67) · A. alburnus · A. algeriensis · A. alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa bulgarica · A. apicalis · A. argyrochloris · Harengula clupeola · A. braschnikowi (Brazhnikov´s Shad) · A. braschnikowii autumnalis · A. braschnikowii nirchi · A. braschnikowii orientalis · A. braschnikowi braschnikowi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. braschnikowi sarensis (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi · A. brashnikovi brashnikovi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi maeotica · A. brevis · A. caspia (Caspian Shad) · A. caspia caspia (Il´men Shad) · A. caspia knipowitschi (Enzeli Shad) · A. caspia nordmanni · A. caspia persica (Astrabad Shad) · A. caspia salina · A. caspia tanaica · A. caspia vistonica · A. chrysochloris (Skipjack Herring) · A. communis · A. cyanonoton · A. elongata · A. fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax algeriensis · A. fallax bolivari · A. fallax fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax killarnensis · A. fallax lacustris · A. fallax nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. fallax rhodanensis · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. finta · A. finta algeriensis · A. finta killarnensis · A. finta lacustris · A. finta rhodanensis · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. kanagurta · A. kessleri (Caspian Anadromous Shad) · A. killarnensis · A. lacustris benacensis · A. lacustris ceresioverbana · A. lacustris lariana · A. lacustrus benacensis · A. lineata · A. macedonica (Macedonia Shad) · A. maeotica (Black Sea Shad) · A. maeotica maeotica · A. malayana · A. mattowacca · A. mediocris (Freshwater Taylor) · A. menhaden · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. musica · A. nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. ohiensis · A. papalina · A. pectinata · A. pilchardus · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. pontica danubii · A. pontica kessleri · A. pontica moriac · A. pontica nigrescens · A. pontica pontica · A. pontica russac · A. praestabilis · A. psendoharengus · A. pseudoharengus (Anadromous Alewives) · A. psuedoharengus · A. reevesii · A. sapadissima · A. sapidisima · A. sapidissima (Connecticut River Shad) · A. sapidissma · A. saposchnikowii (Saposhnikovi Shad) · A. saposhnikovi · A. sardina · Sardinella aurita · A. sp · A. sphaerocephala (Agrakhana Shad) · A. squamopinnata · A. suworowi · A. tanaica (Paeostom Shad) · A. teres · A. toli · A. tyrannus · A. vistonica
More Info
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Further Reading
- Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: Der Akademie, 1864-1914. ENG url p. 300.
- Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 206.
- Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig [etc.]VEB Georg Thieme [etc.] GER url p. 9.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 256.
- Coad, B.W. (1995). Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno. 29(1):1-64.
- Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: Aus der Kaiserlich-K©niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1850-1918. GER url p. 16, p. 17, p. 22, p. 23.
- Eichwald, C.E. von (1838). (to be filled) Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 11(2):134-135.
- Food and Agriculture Organization (1992). FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p.
- Kolarov, P. (1991). Alosa pontica pontica (Eichwald 1938). p. 337-368. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden.
- Report of the Commissioner - United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington, The Commission; U.S. Govt. Print. Off. ENG url p. 60, p. 64, p. 76, p. 81, p. 89.
- Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov (1997). An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736.
- Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigaste FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303.
- Whitehead, Peter J. P. 1985. Clupeoid Fishes of the World (Suborder Clupeoidei): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Herrings, Sardines, Pilchards, Sprats, Shads, Anchovies and Wolf-herrings: Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 7, pt. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. x + 303. ISBN: 92-5-102340-9.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 5, 2007.
- FishBase 2006.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:
- European Environment Agency: EUNIS
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2486661
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22771
- Fishbase Species ID: 105
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161719
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1765
