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Anoplophora glabripennis

(Asian Long-Horned Beetle)

Overview

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Insect. Native to China and Korea, this beetle has been intercepted in solid wood packaging material in the USA (14 states) and Britain. Known infestations were discovered in New York (1996) and Chicago (1998) about 10 yr after the beetle first entered the U.S. An infestation was also discovered in Austria in 2001, an estimated 2-3 yr after its introduction into Austria.

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Asian Long-Horned Beetle, Asian Longhorned Beetle, Starry Sky Beetle

Description

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Physical Description

Species Anoplophora glabripennis

Adult beetles are jet-black with a luster; 20-35 mm in length and 7-12 mm in width , the base of the 11-segmented antennae is whitish with a blue-black color; the antennae of male and female beetles are 1.5 and 1.3 times their body length , respectively; and each elytron has about 20 white (sometimes yellow) spots.

Habitat

Biome: agricultural areas, disturbed areas, natural forest , planted forests, scrub/shrublands, urban areas

Ecology: Slowly kills trees over an estimated 3-5 year period, but may be longer for some tree species. In its native China, about 40% of the poplar plantations have been damaged (ca. 2.3 million ha.), over 240 cities or counties have been infested in 5 provinces alone (totaling 230 thousand ha), and an estimated 50 million trees were cut down over a 3 yr period in Ningxia Province alone (1991-1993). In the US, approximately 5,286 and 1,547 infested trees have been cut in New York and Chicago, respectively, as of May 2001. In Austria, CA. 47 infested trees have been cut, as of August 2001.

Biology

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Reproduction

Sexual reproduction. Female beetles mate multiple times with a single male beetle, and also mate with multiple male beetles. Female beetles continue to produce eggs throughout their life span. Male beetles display mate guarding. Differences in the nutrional quality of various host trees , including secondary substances, and/or structural features (i.e. bark thickness), likely influence the relative reproductive potential and longevity of ALB.Lifetime fecundity of ALB averaged 35 eggs/female (30-80 eggs) on Populus spp. (China), and 68 eggs/female on A. saccharum (Keena 2000), and 127.3, 46.8 and 30.7 viable eggs/female on A. platanoide, A. rubrum and S. nigra, respectively (Smith et al., Environ Entomol., In press ). Daily oviposition of viable eggs averaged 1.2, 0.46 and 0.36 eggs/d on A. platanoides, A. rubrum and S. nigra, respectively (fecundity declines at 0.48 eggs per week over the lifetime of female ALB) (Smith et al. , Environ Entomol., In press). Fecundity is negatively correlated with bark thickness (Smith et al., In press). Preovipositional period of ALB was 10.6, 16.7 and 15.8 days on A. platanoides, A. rubrum and S. nigra, respectively (Smith et al., Environ Entomol., In press).

ALB spend about 7 days within the pupal chamber as an adult before exiting the natal host (China). Longevity of female and male ALB was 42.5 days (14-66 days) and 20.6 days (3-50 days), respectively, on Populus spp. (China), and 73 days on A. saccharum (Keena, 2000), and 103.9 days (44-131 days), 97.2 days (30-137 days) and 83.0 days (58-107 days) on A. platanoides, A. rubrum and S. nigra, respectively (Smith et al., Environ Entomol., In press). ALB are strong fliers and results from mass mark recapture studies show that 98% of adult beetles disperse less than 600m from their release point . However, ALB dispersal potential over a single season was found to be 1,029 m and 1,442 m, for male and gravid female beetles, respectively (Smith et al., Environ Entomol, In press).

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Anoplophora l ævigator Thomson, 1860
  2. Cerosterna glabripennis Motschulsky, 1854
  3. Cerosterna l ævigator Thomson, 1857
  4. Melanauster angustatus Pic, 1925
  5. Melanauster glabripennis Aurivillius, 1922
  6. Melanauster glabripennis Jakobson, 1910
  7. Melanauster glabripennis Matsushita, 1933
  8. Melanauster glabripennis var. laglaisei Pic, 1953
  9. Melanauster l ævigator Thomson, 1868
  10. Melanauster l ævigator Thomson, 1878
  11. Melanauster luteonotatus Pic, 1925
  12. Melanauster nankineus Pic, 1926
  13. Melanauster nobilis Ganglbauer, 1890

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Tavakilian G.

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Anoplophora

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 48 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. albopicta · A. amoena · A. asuanga · A. beryllina · A. birmanica · A. bowringii · A. chiangi · A. chinensis (White-Spotted Longhorn Beetle) · A. chinensis(Forster) · A. coeruleoantennata · A. davidis · A. decemmaculata · A. elegans · A. flavomaculata · A. forsfieldi · A. freyi · A. fruhstorferi · A. glabripennis (Asian Long-Horned Beetle) · A. graafi · A. granata · A. horsfieldi · A. horsfieldii · A. imitator · A. irregularis · A. jiangfenglingensis · A. leechi · A. longehirsuta · A. lucipor · A. lurida · A. macularia · A. malasiaca(Thomson · A. mamaua · A. marasiaca · A. medenbachii · A. nigrofasciatus quadrifasciatus · A. ogasawaraensis · A. sebastieni · A. similis · A. sollii · A. stanleyana · A. stanleyana grisea · A. tianaca · A. tonkinea · A. versteegi · A. viriantennatus · A. wusheana · A. zonator · A. zonatrix

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 04, 2008:

Identifiers

Last Revised: 7/2/2009