Overview
The cattle egret, also known as the buff-backed heron, is a white bird that ranges in length from 19 inches to 21 inches. They have a short, yellow bill. Their legs and feet are a light orange color. They have a medium-size length neck. When it is breeding season , the adult birds develop buff feathers on their heads , backs, and breasts. Their legs and bills also become brighter in color.
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Veereier (Bosluisvoël)
Common Names in Dutch:
Koereiger
Common Names in English:
Buff-Backed Heron, Cattle Egret, Cattle Egret / Buff-Backed Heron, Cattle Heron
Common Names in Finnish:
Lehmähaikara
Common Names in French:
Hèron Garde-Boeufs, Héron Garde-Búufs, Héron Garde-Boeufs, Héron Gardeboeuf, Héron Gardeboeufs, Hron Garde-Boeufs
Common Names in German:
Kuhreiher
Common Names in Hebrew:
אנפית בקר
Common Names in Italian:
Airone Guardabuoi
Common Names in Russian:
Египетская цапля, Цапля египетская, Yegipetskaya Tsaplya
Common Names in Spanish:
Garcilla Bueyera, Garza Ganadera
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Head : Crown: patches of buff-orange on white Face : Eye Color: yellow Facial Skin : yellow Bill: yellow Neck: white Length: short Nape: patches of buff-orange on white Width : thick Body: Back: patches of buff-orange on white Chest: white tinged with buff Legs : Foot Color: blackish Leg Color: yellow Leg Length: short.Adult Breeding Season : Head: Crown: pale cinnamon Face: Eye Color: yellow Facial Skin: yellow Bill: yellow Neck: white Length: short Nape: patches of buff-orange on white Width: thick Body: Back: pale cinnamon Breast: pale cinnamon Chest: white tinged with buff Legs: Foot Color: blackish Leg Color: yellow Leg Length: short.Breeding: Head: Crown: buffy plumes Face: Eye Color: yellow Facial Skin: reddish Bill: reddish Neck: white Length: short Nape: patches of buff-orange on white Width: thick Body: Back: buffy plumes Chest: buffy plumes Legs: Foot Color: reddish Leg Color: yellowish orange Leg Length: short.Immature: Face: Eye Color: yellow Facial Skin: yellow Bill: dull yellow Neck: white Length: short Width: thick Legs: Foot Color: blackish Leg Color: yellowish orange Leg Length: short.
Size/Age/Growth
About 19 to 21 inches long, with a wingspan of 36 to 38 inches. Adults weigh about 11.9 ounces .
Habitat
Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 20 meters (67 feet).Standard Deviation = 628.050 based on 20,000 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:4.6Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded
14.2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
Biology
Diet
The diet of cattle egrets consists of insects particularly grasshoppers and they avoid bumble bees, wasps, and yellow jackets. They expend less energy in catching their food by following cattle and farm machinery and catching the insects that are flushed. In aquatic habitats they eat frogs and fish. Captive egrets in zoos are given smelt, mealworms, and crickets to eat.
Reproduction
- Breeding Habitat : Wetland-open water
- Clutch Size: 2-6
- Length of Incubation : 22-26 days
- Days to Fledge : 30
- Number of Broods: 1
During the mating season the adult birds start to display their buff plumes upon their head , breast, and back. The male bird collects materials for a nest ; the female then creates the nest. The pair mate while on their nest. About 2-6 eggs are laid. The eggs are incubated for about 18-30 days. The mother gives an additional amount of male hormones to the first eggs that are laid. This supplement makes these chicks more aggressive. This may be the mothers way to give an extra push for the survival of the first born chicks. The first born chick may kill the younger ones when competing for food.
Migration
Migratory
Behavior
Cattle egrets live in colonies and are very sociable. Colonies can consist of several hundreds of birds living in one big tree . They also nest with other types of birds. Cattle egret travel daily to foraging areas singly or in flocks. The egrets follow cattle, wild or domesticated feeding on the insects that are disturbed by the cattle. These birds are very adaptable to the new environments.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Aves
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Birds
- Subclass:
Neornithes
(
)
- Gadow, 1893
- Infraclass:
Neoaves
(
)
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
(
)
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
)
- Bonaparte, 1854
- Albatrosses, Alcids
- Suborder:
Ciconii
(
)
-
- Suborder:
Ciconii
(
- Order:
Ciconiiformes
(
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
(
- Infraclass:
Neoaves
(
- Subclass:
Neornithes
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.
Similar Species
Snowy Egret, Little Blue Heron, Great Egret. Resembles the Snowy Egret, but has shorter, thicker neck and orangish bill and legs. (Snowy Egrets have have a slim black bill and long black legs with yellow feet. The area of the upper bill, in front of the eyes, is yellow but turns red during the breeding season, when the adults also gain recurved plumes on the back, making for a "shaggy" effect.)
Members of the genus Bubulcus
There are approximately 4 species in this genus:
B. ibis (Cattle Egret) · B. ibis coromanda · B. ibis coromandus · B. ibis ibis (Cattle Egret)
Bibliography
- Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
- Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
- Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places: For References from A–L. For References from M–Z.
- BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
- BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
- Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
- Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 26, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 28 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:
- Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
- New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Western Palearctic migrants in continental Africa
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3851764
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174804
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13836145
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174803
- IUCN ID: 49588
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNGA07010
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 178007
