Columba livia

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Columbidae

Stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: arid lowland scrubs, second-growth scrub, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands, arid lowland scrubs, pastures and agricultural lands • Maximum Elevation: 4,500 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Ecology: List of Habitats : 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland 14.6 Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest

Biology

Diet

Mostly seeds, with some other green plant matter and some insects.

Reproduction

Pigeons are prolific. They lay only two eggs at a time, in a nest scraped together from a few sticks , but eggs hatch in 18 days. In another month the birds are almost ready to fly. The male and female help raise the young, feeding them digested food from their crops , then adding half-digested grains until the young can eat whole grains.[1]

Breeding Habitat : Urban Clutch Size: 1-2 Length of Incubation : 16-19 days Days to Fledge : 25-26 Number of Broods: 4-5

Migration

Nonmigratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 26-May-2005.

Similar Species

Band-Tailed Pigeon, Mourning Dove

Members of the genus Columba

There are approximately 198 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. albilinea · C. albinucha (White-Naped Pigeon) · C. albitorques (White-Collared Pigeon) · C. araucana · C. argentina (Silvery Wood-Pigeon) · C. arquatrix (African Olive-Pigeon) · C. arquatrix arquatrix (African Olive Pigeon) · C. bicincta · C. bollii (Dark-Tailed Laurel Pigeon) · C. bronzina · C. calva · C. capensis · C. caribaea · C. cayennensis · C. cayennensis occidentalis · C. cayennensis pallidicrissa · C. cayennensis sylvestris · C. cayennensis tobagensis · C. chalcospilos · C. chiriquensis · C. corensis · C. delegorguei (Eastern Bronze-Naped Pigeon) · C. delegorguei delegorguei (Eastern Bronze-Naped Pigeon) · C. delegorguei sharpei · C. dilopha · C. domestica · C. duboisi (RÉunion Pigeon) · C. elphinstonii (Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon) · C. erythrina · C. erythrothorax · C. eversmanni (Yellow-Eyed Stock Dove) · C. fasciata (White-Collared Pigeon) · C. fasciata albilinea · C. fasciata crissalis · C. fasciata fasciata (White-Collared Pigeon) · C. fasciata letonai · C. fasciata monilis (Band-Tailed Pigeon) · C. fasciata parva · C. fasciata roraimae · C. fasciata vioscae (Band-Tailed Pigeon) · C. flavirostris · C. flavirostris flavirostris (Red-Billed Pigeon) · C. flavirostris madrensis · C. flavirostris minima · C. flavirostris restricta · C. goodsoni · C. guinea (African Rock Pigeon) · C. guinea dilloni · C. guinea guinea (Abyssinian Speckled Pigeon) · C. guinea longipennis · C. guinea phaeonota (Cape Speckled Pigeon) · C. guinea phaeonotus · C. guinea uhehensis · C. guineensis · C. gymnocyclus · C. gymnophtalmos · C. hodgsoni · C. hodgsonii (Speckled Wood-Pigeon) · C. humeralis · C. infuscata · C. inornata · C. inornata exigua · C. inornata inornata (Plain Pigeon) · C. inornata wetmorei · C. iriditorques (Western Bronze-Naped Pigeon) · C. janthina (Japanese Wood-Pigeon) · C. janthina janthina (Japanese Wood-Pigeon) · C. janthina nitens · C. janthina sensu · C. janthina stejnegeri · C. jouyi (Ryuku Wood (Silver-Banded Black) Pigeon) · C. junoniae (White-Tailed Laurel Pigeon) · C. larvata (African Lemon Dove) · C. larvata bronzina · C. larvata hypoleuca · C. larvata jacksoni · C. larvata larvata (African Lemon Dove) · C. larvata principalis · C. larvata samaliyae · C. larvata simplex · C. leucocephala · C. leucomela (White-Headed Pigeon) · C. leuconota (Snow Pigeon) · C. leuconota gradaria · C. leuconota leuconota (Nepalese Snow-Pigeon) · C. livia (Carrier Pigeon) · C. livia atlantis · C. livia butleri · C. livia canariensis · C. livia dakhlae (Oasis Rock Pigeon) · C. livia domestica · C. livia domesticus · C. livia feral · C. livia gaddi (Iranian Rock Pigeon) · C. livia gymnocycla (Senegal Rock Pigeon) · C. livia intermedia · C. livia livia (Common Rock Pigeon) · C. livia lividior · C. livia neglecta (Blue Rock Pigeon) · C. livia nigricans

More Info

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Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 204, p. 219, p. 269, p. 466, p. 47, p. 478.
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• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker Charles S. Roy and Robert W. Shufeldt London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 140.
• A geographical bibliography of British ornithology from the earliest time to the end of 1918, arranged under counties, being a record of printed books, published articles, notes and records relating to local avifauna, by W. H. Mullens, H. Kirke Swann, F. London, Witherby, 1920. ENG url p. 415.
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. By R. Bowdler Sharpe London, E. Lloyd, Limited, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 241, p. 247.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 161.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 126, p. 511.
• A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology By W London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 ENG url p. 268, p. 272, p. 274, p. 276, p. 278, p. 280, p. 282, p. 284, p. 286.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 358.
• A popular zoology / by J. Dorman Steele and J.W.P. Jenks. New York: A.S. Barnes and Company, c 1887. ENG url p. 311.
• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 144.
• A student's text-book of zoology, by Adam Sedgwick. London, S. Sonnenschein and Co.;1898-1909. ENG url p. 468.
• A text-book of zoology, by T. Jeffery Parker and William A. Haswell With illustrations. London, Macmillan and co., limited;1897. ENG url p. 352, p. 353, p. 357, p. 358, p. 359, p. 360, p. 362, p. 363, p. 364, p. 365, p. 366, p. 367, p. 370, p. 375, p. 376, p. 377, p. 378, p. 379, p. 380.
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• Bibliographia zoologica. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1896-1934. MUL url p. 237, p. 350.
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• Bonaparte, Charles Lucian (1854): pp. [not seen] Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des S and eacute;ances de l'Acad and eacute;mie des Sciences [taxon described on p. 1107] - Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des S and eacute;ances de l'Acad and eacute;mie des Sciences (Paris) 39
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 41 providers.
• New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 30, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• OZCAM
• Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Bioblitz
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Herts Bird Club - Hertfordshire Breeding Bird Atlas : 1988-1992
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens
• Yale University Peabody Museum, Yale Peabody Museum - Invertebrate Paleontology DiGIR provider service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3852203
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-676972
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14099100
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 177071
• IUCN ID: 48701
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNPB01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 147315

Footnotes

1. New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009. [back]

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