Common Names
Common Names in English:
Common Dolphin, Long-Beaked Common Dolphin, Long-Beaked Saddle-Backed Dolphin, Long-Beaked Saddleback Dolphin, Saddleback Dolphin
Description
Family Delphinidae
The family Delphinidae has been called a 'taxonomic trash basket', because many small to medium-sized odontocetes of various forms have been lumped together in this group for centuries. Consequentely, the so-called delphinids are diverse in form. They range in size from 1 to 1.88 m dolphins of the genera Sotalia and Cephalorhynchus, to the killer whale , in which males can reach lengths of at least 9.8 m. However, most delphinids share the following characteristics: a marine habitat , a noticeable beak, conical teeth, and a large falcate dorsal fin set near the middle of the back. There are exceptions to everyone of these rules , except the presence of basically conical teeth.
Physical Description
Species Delphinus capensis
The Common Dolphin
is slender and streamlined, with a long or short beak, depending on the geographical location. All forms vary slightly in size but are recognisable as Common Dolphins
due to the tell-tale 'hourglass' pattern
on each side. The dorsal cape
is dark (brown, black, grey or purplish), dipping to a distinct
'V' beneath
the fin
. The tail stock
is pale
grey, darkening to black flukes
. The underside is cream-white, and extends higher up the sides than in most dolphins. It is broken
by one or two yellow or grey stripes
that stretch
from beak to beneath the 'V'-shaped dip
. Another stripe - this one black - streaks from the dark flippers to the middle
of the lower jaw. Higher on the sides, behind
the eyes, is a yellow-tan patch
which - together with the pale grey further back - forms the criss-cross 'hourglass' pattern. A dark line
circles the eyes and leads
to the grey-black beak, which can be white-tipped. In some geographical forms, these colours
can appear to be muted, or slightly varied. There are 80-120 teeth per jaw. Common Dolphins range in size from 1.7m to 2.6m, and weigh between 70kg and 135kg.
Recognition at sea
: Common Dolphins can be identified from the yellow-tan patch on either side, just behind each eye, and the dorsal cape's 'V'-shaped dip.
Habitat
Common Dolphins prefer waters with a surface temperature that is higher than 10ºC.
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,010 meters (0 to -13,156 feet).[1]
Biome: Marine
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:9.1Marine Neritic - Pelagic
10.1Marine Oceanic
- Epipelagic
(0-200m)
Biology
Diet
Common Dolphins prey on schooling fish (e.g. herring , pilchards) and squid. They have been known to adopt co-operative techniques when hunting (rather like the Orca) and have also been observed catching fish in mid-air.
Behavior
Highly social, Common Dolphins can be seen in groups of up to 2,000 animals, although units of 10-500 are more usual. Active and exuberate, they bowride, breach, somersault, flipper-slap and lobtail. When porpoising , they often cannot be seen for the froth they produce - they leap as a co-ordinated whole. Also highly vocal, their cries - whistles, pulses and clicks - can be heard above water as they play around vessels .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Mammals
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
)
- (Rowe, 1988) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
)
- (Wible Et Al., 1995) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
)
- Mckenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
)
- Mckenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
)
- Mckenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
)
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
)
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
)
- (Owen, 1837) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
)
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
)
- (Mckenna, 1975) Mckenna, in Stucky & Mckenna, in Benton, Ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Ungulata
(
)
- (C. Linnaeus, 1766) Mckenna, 1975
- Mirorder:
Eparctocyona
(
)
- Mckenna, 1975
- Order:
Cete
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Suborder:
Cetacea
(
)
- (Brisson, 1762) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Infraorder:
Autoceta
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Parvorder:
Odontoceti
(
)
- (Flower, 1869) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superfamily:
Delphinoidea
(
)
- (Gray, 1821) Flower, 1864
- Family:
Delphinidae
(
)
- Gray, 1821
- Marine Dolphins
- Subfamily:
Delphininae
(
)
- Genus:
Delphinus
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Specific name:
capensis
- Gray, 1828
- Scientific name: - Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828
- Specific name:
capensis
- Gray, 1828
- Genus:
Delphinus
(
- Subfamily:
Delphininae
(
- Family:
Delphinidae
(
- Superfamily:
Delphinoidea
(
- Parvorder:
Odontoceti
(
- Infraorder:
Autoceta
(
- Suborder:
Cetacea
(
- Order:
Cete
(
- Mirorder:
Eparctocyona
(
- Grandorder:
Ungulata
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Delphinus capensis F. Cuvier (Not Gray) in E. Geoffroy and Cuvier 1829
- Orca capensis /i> (Van Bénéden (Not Gray) 1873
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 08-Jun-2002
Similar Species
Members of the genus Delphinus
There are approximately 187 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
D. (Delphinapterus) kingii · D. (Lagenorhynchus) fusiformis · D. (Steno) gadamu · D. (Steno) lentiginosus · D. (Steno) maculiventer · D. (Steno) perspicillatus · D. (Tursio) obscurus · D. abusalam · D. acutus · D. aduncus · D. albians · D. albicans · D. albigena · D. albimanus · D. albirostratus · D. albirostris · D. algeriensis · D. alope · D. amazonicus · D. amphitriteus · D. anarnacus · D. aries · D. asthenops · D. attenuatus · D. bairdi · D. bairdii · D. bertini · D. bicolor · D. bidens · D. bivittatus · D. blainvillei · D. boryi · D. bredanensis · D. breviceps · D. brevidens · D. brevimanus · D. brocchii · D. butskopf · D. caerulescens · D. canadensis · D. canaliculatus · D. capensis (Long-Beaked Saddle-Backed Dolphin) · D. carbonarius · D. cephalorhynchus · D. chamissonis · D. chemnitzianus · D. chilensis · D. chinensis · D. clymene · D. compressicauda · D. compressus · D. coronatus · D. cortesii · D. crotaphiscus · D. cruciger · D. cymodice · D. cymodoce · D. deductor · D. delphinus · D. delphis (Short-Beaked Saddle-Backed Dolphin) · D. delphis bairdi · D. delphis bairdii · D. delphis balteatus · D. delphis delphis (Short-Beaked Saddle-Backed Dolphin) · D. delphis fusus · D. delphis mediterranea · D. delphis moschatus · D. delphis ponticus · D. delphis tropicalis · D. delphis variegatus · D. densirostris · D. diodon · D. doris · D. dubius · D. edentulus · D. epiodon · D. erebennus · D. eschrichtii · D. euphrosyne · D. eurynome · D. eutropia · D. feres · D. fitzroyi · D. fluviatilis · D. frenatus · D. frontalis · D. frontatus · D. fulvifasciatus · D. fulvofasciatus · D. fuscus · D. fusiformis · D. gadamu · D. gangetica · D. geoffrensis · D. globiceps · D. grampus · D. grinda · D. griseus · D. guianensis · D. hamatus
More Info
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Further Reading
- A book of whales, by F.E. Beddard With forty illustrations by W. Sidney Berridge. London, J. Murray;1900. ENG url p. 278.
- Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin. GER url p. 382.
- Berichte von der K©niglichen zootomischen Anstalt zu W©rzburg, zweiter bericht f©r das Schuljahr 1847/48, von Albert K©lliker. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1849. GER url p. 8.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 162, p. 32, p. 34, p. 37, p. 43, p. 59, p. 72, p. 76, p. 77.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 249, p. 250.
- Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. ENG url p. 731, p. 731.
- Dr. James G. Mead: Status: CITES - Appendix II
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 1, p. 17, p. 771.
- Heyning, John E., and William F. Perrin 1994. Evidence for Two Species of Common Dolphins (Genus Delphinus) from the Eastern North Pacific. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, no. 442. 1-35.
- Jefferson, T.A. and Van Waerebeek, K. 2002. The taxonomic status of the nominal dolphin species Delphinus tropicalis Van Bree, 1971. Marine Mammal Science 18(4): 787-818.
- Oceanus. [Woods Hole, Mass., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution] ENG url p. 32.
- Reeves, R.R., Smith, B.D., Crespo, E.A. and di Sciara, G.N. (compilers) 2003. Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002-2010 Conservation Action Plan for the World's Cetaceans. IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- Rice, D.W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World. Systematics and Distribution. Special Publication Number 4. The Society for Marine Mamalogy, Lawrence, Kansas.
- Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. The Society for Marine Mammalogy. Lawrence, Kansas, USA. ix + 231. ISBN: 1-891276-03-4.
- Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Commission bei Carl Gerold's Sohn, GER url p. 611.
- Todd McConchie, ITIS Data Technician: Mammal Species of the World (1993) lists capensis in synonymy under Delphinus delphis, but The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals (1999) lists Delphinus capensis as a valid species
- Van Bree, P.J.H. and Gallagher, M.D. 1978. On the taxonomic status of Delphinus tropicalis van Bree, 1971 (Notes on Cetacea, Delphinoidea IX). Beaufortia 28: 1–8.
- Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xviii + 1207. ISBN: 1-56098-217-9.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
- Cetacean Specialist Group 1996. Delphinus capensis. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Cetacean Specialist Group 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Cetacea.org
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: SEAMAP - marine mammals, birds and turtles
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2721499
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-555654
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13730980
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 555654
- IUCN ID: 6337
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4077
Footnotes
- Mean = -342.660 meters (-1,124.213 feet), Standard Deviation = 937.480 based on 153 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
