Epinephelus haifensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Family : Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets ; Occurs on mud , sand , or rocky bottoms .

Common Names

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Description

Family Serranidae

Distribution: Tropical and temperate oceans. Some enter freshwater . Operculum bearing 3 spines - a main spine with one below and one above it. Lateral line complete and continuous, not reaching onto caudal fin (lacking in one species). Dorsal fin may be notched , with 7-12 spines. Three spines on anal fin. Caudal fin usually rounded , truncate , or lunate ; rarely forked . Tip of maxilla exposed even with mouth closed . No scaly axillary pelvic process . One spine on pelvic fin; soft rays 5. Branchiostegal rays usually 7. Vertebrae 24-26. Monoecious with some functional hermaphrodites ; groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. Anthiinae are mostly small colorful planktivores feeding primarily on tiny crustaceans and fish eggs . They change sex from females to a few dominant males. Despite their attractive colors they need zooplankton as food and are thus not well suited for aquariums . Groupers attain up to 3 m maximum length and weights of up to 400 kg . They are bottom-dwelling predators and highly commercial food fish . Groupers are hardy aquarium fish, but grow rapidly. Grammistinae get their name from a bitter tasting skin toxin , grammistin, which can kill other animals in an aquarium. They feed on crustaceans and fishes .The family Serranidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 62 genera and 449 species. It may be found in Marine , Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Many members of this family are used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw. 1803

Habitat

May be found at depths of 90 to 220 meters.

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -150 meters (0 to -492 feet).Mean = 78.250 meters (256.726 feet), Standard Deviation = 301.850 based on 4 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .

Taxonomy

Ambiguous Synonyms

1. Cerna sicana D�derlein, 1882
2. Holocentrus merou Lacep�de, 1802
3. Perca gigas Br�nnich, 1768

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Heemstra P.C., Data last modified by FishBase 04-Aug-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Epinephelus

There are approximately 166 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. malabaricus · E. acanthistius (Grouper) · Mycteroperca rubra · E. adcensionis · E. adscencionis · E. adscenscionis · E. adscensionis (Butterfish) · E. adscensionus · E. adsencionis · E. adsencionus · E. adsensianis · E. aeneus (Grouper) · E. aereolatus · E. aerolatus · Alphestes immaculatus · E. akaara (Garrupa) · E. albomarginatus (Captain Fine) · E. costae · E. amblycephalus (Banded Grouper) · E. analogus (Cabrilla) · E. andersoni (Brown-Spotted Rockcod) · E. apua · E. areolatus (Areolate Grouper) · E. awoara (Banded Grouper) · E. bilobatus (Frostback Rockcod) · E. bimaculatus · E. bleekeri (Bleeker's Grouper) · E. bonaci · E. bontoides (Dusky Rock Cod) · E. bruneus (Kelp Grouper) · E. caninus (Dogtooth Grouper) · E. carponotatus · E. chabaudi (Modest Rockcod) · E. chlorocephalus (Tonga Grouper) · E. chlorostigma (Brown-Spotted Grouper) · E. cifuentesi (Olive Grouper) · E. clippertonensis · E. coeruleopunctatus (Garrupa) · E. coioides (Brown-Spotted Grouper) · E. corallicola (Coral Grouper) · E. costae (Goldblotch Grouper) · E. cyanopodus (Blue Maori) · E. daemelii (Back Rockcod) · E. damelli · E. darwinensis (Darwin Grouper) · E. bleekeri · E. diacanthus (Six-Barred Reef Cod) · E. dianthicanus · E. dispar · E. doederleinii · E. drummond hayi · E. drummond-hayi · E. drummondhayi (Calico Grouper) · E. drysipolius · E. dubius · E. epistictus (Black-Spotted Grouper) · E. ergastularius (Banded Rockcod) · E. erythrurus (Cloudy Grouper) · E. exsul (Tenspine Grouper) · E. faciatus · E. longispinis · E. fasciatomaculosus (Rock Grouper) · E. fasciatus (Banded Reef Cod) · E. faveatus (Barred-Chest Grouper) · E. flavocaeruleus (Blue and Yellow Grouper) · E. flavolimbatus (Grouper) · E. fuscoguttatus (Black Rockcod) · E. fuseoguttatus · E. gabriellae (Gabriella's Grouper) · E. longispinis · E. marginatus · E. goreensis (Dungat Grouper) · E. octofasciatus · E. guasa · E. marginatus · E. guttatus (Deady) · E. gvaza · E. haevenii · E. haifensis (Haifa Grouper) · E. hemosinensis · E. heniochus (Bridled Grouper) · E. hexagonata · E. hexagonatus (Hexagon Grouper) · E. howlandi (Blacksaddle Grouper) · E. indistinctus (Somali Grouper) · E. irroratus (Marquesan Grouper) · E. itaiara · E. itajara (Black Bass) · E. kontoides · E. labriformis (Flag Cabrilla) · E. lanceolatus (Banded Rockcod) · E. latifasciatus (Banded Grouper) · E. lebretonianus (Mystery Grouper) · E. longispinis (Long-Spine Rock Cod) · E. longispinus · E. macrospilos (Bigspot Rockcod) · E. maculatus (Bloch's Rockcod) · E. maculosus · E. magniscuttis (Speckled Grouper) · E. malabaricus (Greasy Grouper)

Bibliography

• Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall (1993). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world. (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to
• Heemstra, Phillip C. and John E. Randall 1993. Groupers of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Grouper, Rockcod, Hind, Coral Grouper, and Lyretail Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (125), Vol. 16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. ISBN: 92-5-103125-8.
• Heemstra, Phillip C., and John E. Randall 1993. Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Grouper, Rockcod, Hind, Coral Grouper and Lyretail Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. vii + 382. ISBN: 92-5-103125-8.

More Info

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• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
• FishBase
• FishBase 2006.
• Froese, R., and D. Pauly. FishBase 2004. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Heemstra, Phillip C. (from FishBase).
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2492222
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-33277
• Fishbase Species ID: 9262
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 120099
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 551064
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 110075

Footnotes

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