Glyptocephalus cynoglossus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Righteye flounders ; Inhabits soft mud bottoms in fairly deep water . Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes and brittle stars. Marketed fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked[1].

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Pleuronectidae

Chiefly marine ; occasionally brackish ; rare in freshwater . Distribution: Arctic , Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Both eyes normally on the right side. Preoperculum with a free margin . Fins without spines. Dorsal fin extends on head . Swimbladder absent in adults . The pigmented side is capable of remarable color changes in order to match the bottom . Predators of benthic invertebrates and fishes . Pelagic spawners. Eggs without oil globule in yolk . Benthic, from a few to more than 1,000 m. Almost all species important to fisheries. Cooper and Chapleau (1998; Ref. 30193) exclude the subfamilies Poecilopsettinae, Rhombosoleinae, and Paralichthodinae.The family Pleuronectidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Pleuronectiformes. It contains 39 genera and 93 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is anguilliform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer

Habitat

Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Glyptocephalus acadianus Gill, 1873-74
2. Platessa elongata Yarrell, 1839
3. Pleuronectes cynoglossus Linnaeus, 1758
4. Pleuronectes nigromanus Nilsson, 1829
5. Pleuronectes saxicola Faber, 1828

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Glyptocephalus

There are approximately 10 species in this genus:

G. acadianus · G. cynoglossum · G. cynoglossus (Witch Flounder) · G. cynoglossus eggs · G. microcephalus · G. ostroumowi · G. pacificus · G. sasae · G. stelleri (Blackfin Flounder) · G. zachirus (Long-Finned Sole)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of th Tropic of Cancer, with notes on the species discovered in 1883 and 1884, by David Starr Jordan. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1885. ENG url p. 136.
• A guide book to the marine fishes of Rhode Island. Photos by the author. Watch Hill, R. I., Book and Tackle Shop[1960] ENG url p. 101, p. 40.
• A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. ENG url p. 47.
• A systematic monograph of the flatfishes (Heterosomata) / By J.R. Norman, &c. London, 1934. ENG url p. 354, p. 366.
• American fishes; a popular treatise upon the game and food fishes of North America, with especial reference to habits and methods of capture, by G. Brown Goode...with numerous illustrations. New York, Standard book company, 1888. ENG url p. 325.
• American food and game fishes. A popular account of all the species found in America north of the equator, with keys for ready identification, life histories and methods of capture, . by David Starr Jordan...and Barton Warren Evermann...illustrated with co Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1908. ENG url p. 531, p. 556.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 709.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 236, p. 724.
• Annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended Washington: G.P.O., 1914- ENG url p. 197, p. 21, p. 228, p. 551, p. 61.
• Archiv f�r Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 266, p. 282, p. 363.
• Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones (1963). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 146, p. 2657, p. 316.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 152, p. 153, p. 198, p. 212, p. 213, p. 243, p. 269, p. 282.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 34, p. 6.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 184, p. 190, p. 190, p. 191, p. 195, p. 195, p. 267, p. 277.
• Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Print. Off. ENG url p. 27, p. 381, p. 511, p. 539, p. 6.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 153.
• Cooper, J. Andrew, and François Chapleau 1998. Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fishery Bulletin, vol. 96, no. 4. 686-726.
• Den Norske Nordhavs-expedition, 1876-1878. Christiania, Gr�ndahl & s�ns bogtrykkeri, 1880-1901. NOR url p. 150, p. 151, p. 152, p. 5, p. 8.
• Epifaunal zonation and community structure in three Mid- and North Atlantic canyons: final report for the canyon assessment study in the Mid- and North Atlantic areas of the U.S. outer continental shelf / Barbara Hecker, Gretchen Blechschmidt and Patrici Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1980. ENG url p. 30.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
• Fauna arctica: eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Ber�cksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das N�rdliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 / Unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen h Jena: G. Fischer, 19 GER url p. 103.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 1312, p. 168, p. 173, p. 174, p. 182, p. 206, p. 267, p. 319, p. 426, p. 488, p. 5, p. 509, p. 52, p. 575, p. 610, p. 640, p. 648, p. 676, p. 677.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 285, p. 286, p. 287.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, by Henry B. Bigelow and William C. Schroeder. Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1953. ENG url p. 286, p. 287, p. 320, p. 341, p. 546, p. 549.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. By Henry B. Bigelow and William W. Welsh Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1925. ENG url p. 511, p. 539, p. 6.
• Guide to marine fishes; [a new method for identification of marine fishes. New York]New York University Press[1961] ENG url p. 277, p. 326, p. 426.
• Industrial fishery technology: a survey of methods for domestic harvesting, preservation, and processing of fish used for food and for industrial products New York: Reinhold, 1963. ENG url p. 72.
• Jonsson, G. (1992). Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp.
• Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. ENG url p. 48.
• Klein-MacPhee, Grace / Collette, Bruce B., and Grace Klein-MacPhee, eds. 2002. Righteye Flounders: Family Pleuronectidae. Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, Third Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. 560-587. ISBN: 1-56098-951-3.
• Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo�logy, at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge [Mass.]: The Museum, 1876-1938. ENG url p. 22, p. 430.
• Moore, Jon A., Karsten E. Hartel, James E. Craddock, and John K. Galbraith 2003. An annotated list of deepwater fishes from off the New England region, with new area records. Northeastern Naturalist, vol. 10, no. 2. 159-248.
• NOAA technical report NMFS SSRF. Seattle, Wash.: National Marine Fisheries Service; ENG url p. 1, p. 2, p. 3, p. 4.
• Nielsen, J.G. (1986). Pleuronectidae. p. 1299-1307. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3.
• Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containi by George Brown Goode and Tar Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1895. ENG url p. 22, p. 276, p. 430.
• Ontogeny and systematics of fishes: based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom / sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Dept. of Commer [New York?]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, c1984. ENG url p. 654.
• Our living oceans: the first annual report on the status of U.S. living marine resources. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1991. ENG url p. 116.
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• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 219, p. 220, p. 222, p. 360.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 210, p. 257.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 19, p. 21, p. 500.
• Report of the Commissioner - United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington, The Commission; U.S. Govt. Print. Off. ENG url p. 100, p. 101, p. 11, p. 183, p. 219, p. 25, p. 300, p. 339, p. 506, p. 924.
• Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1980. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fourth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 12. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 174.
• R�sultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier, prince souverain de Monaco [Monaco]Impr. de Monaco, 1889-19 FRE url p. 101, p. 175, p. 197.
• Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1848-1916. ENG url p. 22, p. 430.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 167, p. 198, p. 5, p. 500, p. 78.
• Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. ENG url p. 11, p. 13.
• Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary final environmental impact statement/management plan / Sanctuaries and Reserves Division. Washington, D.C.: The Division, [1993] ENG url p. 24.
• Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes, by John Clark [and others] Washington, U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1969. ENG url p. 59.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, ENG url p. 309.
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Notes

Contributors

• Amaoka, Kunio (from FishBase).
• American Fisheries Society. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United states, Canada, and Mexico Sixth Edition. Special Publication 29.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 8, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• GBIF-Sweden: Fishes (NRM)
• GBIF-Sweden: Fishes of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Atlantic Reference Centre (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: DFO Maritimes Research Vessel Trawl Surveys Fish Observations (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: ECNASAP - East Coast North America Strategic Assessment (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Electronic Atlas of Ichthyoplankton on the Scotian Shelf of North America (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Gulf of Maine Bottom Trawl Survey Data (NEFSC,NMFS,NOAA)(USOBIS)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History - Marine Birds, Mammals, and Fishes (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Fish Collection
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces
• UK National Biodiversity Network: Marine Biological Association - Marine survey data (Professional) held by MarLIN.
• University of Kansas Biodiversity Research Center: Fish Collection
• University of Navarra, Museum of Zoology: Museum of Zoology, University of Navarra

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2493004
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22723
• Fishbase Species ID: 26
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14177055
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 172873
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCTB05010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 111323

Footnotes

1. Frimodt, C. (1995). Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. [back]

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