Lachnolaimus maximus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Labridae

Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. Protrusible mouth . Most jaw teeth with gaps between them; teeth usually jutting outward. Dorsal fin 8-21 spines (usually less than15), 6-21 soft rays . Anal fin 4-6 spines (often 3), 7-18 soft rays. Cycloid scales , generally large to moderate, 25-80 along the side (may be small and over 100 if small. Lateral line interrupted or continuous. Vertebrae 23-42. Snout elongated in the genus Gomphosus. Size, shape and color very diversified. Most species are sand burrowers; carnivores on benthic invertebrates ; also planktivores , and some small species remove ectoparasites of larger fishes . Most species change color and sex with growth, from an initial phase (IP) of both males and females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase (TP). Males dominate several females; all Indo-Pacific species are pelagic spawners. Most species do well in aquaria , and young Coris are particularly popular. Maximum length about 2.3 m , many are less than 15 cm, the shortest being 4.5 cm. Medium to large species are important food fishes.The family Labridae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 60 genera and 500 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Many members of this family are used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is labriform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Latin, labrum = furious

Habitat

Found over open bottoms or coral reef areas [1]. Often encountered where gorgonians are abundant[2]. Has been reared in captivity[3].

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,699 meters (0 to -15,417 feet).[4]

Biome: Saltwater . Reef-associated .

Biology

Diet

Feeds mainly on mollusks, also crabs and sea urchins[5].

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Labrus maximus Walbaum, 1792

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Family : Wrasses .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lachnolaimus

There are approximately 7 species in this genus:

L. aigula · L. caninus · L. dux · L. falcatus · L. maximus (Hogfish) · L. psittacus · L. suillus

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
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• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A catalogue of the fishes of Bermuda, with notes on a collection made in 1905 for the Field Museum, by Tarleton H. Bean. Chicago, 1906. ENG url p. 63.
• A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. ENG url p. 34.
• Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. ENG url p. 464, p. 535.
• American food and game fishes. A popular account of all the species found in America north of the equator, with keys for ready identification, life histories and methods of capture, . by David Starr Jordan...and Barton Warren Evermann...illustrated with co Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1908. ENG url p. 478, p. 558.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 307.
• Annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended Washington: G.P.O., 1914- ENG url p. 1060, p. 130, p. 29, p. 325, p. 343, p. 354, p. 425, p. 551, p. 61.
• Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin (1993). Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, Austin.
• Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M. Louis (1986). Les poissons des formations corallienes de la Martinique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 62(2):251-270.
• Breviora. Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. ENG url p. 23.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 267.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 125.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 18, p. 19, p. 32, p. 85, p. 90.
• Cervigón, F. (1993). Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas, Venezuela. 497 p.
• Claro, R. (1994). Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
• Claro, Rodolfo, and Lynne R. Parenti / Claro, Rodolfo, Kenyon C. Lindeman, and L. R. Parenti, eds. 2001. Chapter 2: The Marine Ichthyofauna of Cuba. Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. 21-57. ISBN: 1-56098-985-8.
• Contents and index to volume 7, numbers 1 to 12, Zoological series / Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1912. ENG url p. 431.
• Fisheries of Key West and the clam industry of southern Florida. By William C. Schroeder. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1924. ENG url p. 29.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 393, p. 853, p. 858, p. 860, p. 913, p. 918.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 337, p. 338, p. 339.
• Fishes of the Bahama Islands, by Barton A. Bean. Baltimore, The Geographical Society of Baltimore, 1905. ENG url p. 314.
• Gomon, M.F. (1978). Labridae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. pag.var.
• Humann, P. (1994). Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p.
• Monogenetic trematodes: their systematics and phylogeny / by Boris E. Bychowsky; edited by William J. Hargis, Jr.; translated by Pierre C. Oustinoff. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, c1961. ENG url p. 246, p. 624.
• Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema, and I. Clavijo (1975). An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3.
• Ontogeny and systematics of fishes: based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom / sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Dept. of Commer [New York?]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, c1984. ENG url p. 545, p. 713.
• Our living oceans: the first annual report on the status of U.S. living marine resources. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1991. ENG url p. 118.
• Parenti, Paola, and John E. Randall 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the Labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, no. 68. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown, South Africa. 97.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 118, p. 147, p. 150, p. 371.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 176, p. 190, p. 589, p. 627, p. 666, p. 687.
• Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1980. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fourth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 12. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 174.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 311, p. 525.
• Smith, C.L. (1997). National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
• Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. ENG url p. 13, p. 3.
• Systematic catalogue of the fishes of Tortugas, Florids with observations on color, habits, and local distribution by William H. Longley Edited and completed by Smauel F. Hildebrand Washington, D.C.1941 ENG url p. 187, p. 226, p. 25.
• The Bahama Islands / edited by George Burbank Shattuck. [Baltimore]: Johns Hopkins Press; 1905. ENG url p. 314, p. 616.
• The fish and fisheries of the coastal waters of Florida. Washington, 1897. ENG url p. 22.
• The marine fishes of Panama. by Seth E. Meek and Samuel F. Hildebrand; Wilfred H. Osgood, editor Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1928 ENG url p. 709.
• Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven: The Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1866- ENG url p. 504, p. 702, p. 704, p. 933.
• Tulane studies in zoology. New Orleans, Tulane University. ENG url p. 190.
• Year book - Carnegie Institution of Washington. [Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington] ENG url p. 183, p. 209.

Notes

Contributors

• American Fisheries Society. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United states, Canada, and Mexico Sixth Edition. Special Publication 29.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• Huntsman, G. 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Huntsman, G. 1996. Lachnolaimus maximus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Westneat, Mark (from FishBase).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: ECNASAP - East Coast North America Strategic Assessment (OBIS Canada)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Fish Collection
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2495071
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-23577
• Fishbase Species ID: 1071
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13796720
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 170566
• IUCN ID: 11130
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 6196

Footnotes

1. Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez (1992). Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales ma [back]
2. Randall, J.E. (1996). Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. [back]
3. Moe, A.M. Jr. (1992). The marine aquarium handbook. Beginner to breeder. Green Turtle Publication, Florida USA. 318 p. [back]
4. Mean = 414.600 meters (1,360.236 feet), Standard Deviation = 2,198.600 based on 30 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
5. Gomon, M.F. (1978). Labridae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. pag.var. [back]

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