Overview
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Critically Endangered |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Apache Trout, Gila Trout
Description
Family Salmonidae
Distribution: Northern Hemisphere, but widely introduced in cold waters for sports and aquaculture. Many are anadromous , spending part of their life at sea , but returning to freshwater where all species spawn in a gravel bed in rivers or streams ; most fish die after spawning. Small cycloid scales . Gill membranes reaching far forward, detached from isthmus. Axillary process on pelvics . Last three vertebrae directed upward. No spines. Adipose fin present. Attains 1.5 m (maybe 2 m) maximum length . Highly valuable in sport and commercial fisheries. There is disagreement about the status of some species and genera.The family Salmonidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Salmoniformes. It contains 11 genera and 66 species. It may be found in Marine , Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Peripheral/diadromous. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Cretaceous period. This family may be found from 80° n to 24° s and 180° w to 180° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, salmo, -onis = the same fish
Habitat
Biome: Fresh water . Demersal .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Order:
Salmoniformes
()
- Suborder:
Salmonoidei
()
-
- Family:
Salmonidae
()
-
- Salmonids
- Subfamily:
Salmoninae
()
- Genus:
Oncorhynchus
()
- (Richardson, 1836)
- Specific name:
gilae
- Subspecies:
apache
- Scientific name: - Oncorhynchus gilae apache
- Subspecies:
apache
- Specific name:
gilae
- Genus:
Oncorhynchus
(
- Subfamily:
Salmoninae
(
- Family:
Salmonidae
(
- Suborder:
Salmonoidei
(
- Order:
Salmoniformes
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Salmo gilae Miller, 1950
Similar Species
Members of the genus Oncorhynchus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 90 species and subspecies in this genus:
O. adonis (Grass Rockfish) · O. aguabonita (California Golden Trout) · O. apache (Arizona Trout) · O. aquabonita · O. chouicha · O. chrysogaster (Mexican Golden Trout) · O. clarki · O. clarkii (Coastal Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii bouvieri (Yellowstone Cutthroat Throat) · O. clarkii clarkii (Coastal Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii henshawi (Lahontan Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii lewisi (Westslope Cutthrout Trout) · O. clarkii macdonaldi (Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii pleuriticus (Colorado River Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii seleniris (Paiute Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii stomias (Greenback Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarkii utah (Bonneville Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki bouvieri · O. clarki clarki (Coastal Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki henshawi (Lahontan Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki lewisi (Westslope Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki macdonaldi (Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki pleuriticus (Colorado River Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki seleniris (Paiute Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki stomias · O. clarki utah (Bonneville Cutthroat Trout) · O. clarki viginalis · O. clarki virginalis (Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout) · O. cooperi · O. cornicha · O. formosanus · O. gairdneri · O. mykiss · O. gilae (Gila Or Apache Trout) · O. gilae apache (Apache Trout) · O. gilae gilae (Gila Trout) · O. gorbucsha · O. gorbuscha (Humpbacked Salmon) · O. haberi · O. irideus · O. ishikawae · O. ishikawai (Satsukimasu Salmon) · O. iwame (Iwame Trout) · O. kamloops · O. kawamurae · O. kemverlyi · O. keta (Calico Salmon) · O. kisuch · O. kisutch (Coho Salmon Or Silver Salmon) · O. lagocephalus · O. lycaodon · O. masou (Cherry Salmon) · O. masou formosanum (Cherry Salmon) · O. masou formosanus (Cherry Salmon) · O. masou ishikawae · O. masou ishikawai · O. masou macrostomus (Salmon) · O. masou masou (Japanese Cherry Salmon) · O. masou rhodurus · O. masow · O. masu · O. masuo · O. mykiss (Baja California Rainbow Trout) · O. mykiss aguabonita · O. mykiss aquabonita · O. mykiss gairdneri (Inland Redband Trout) · O. mykiss gairdnerii (Columbia River Redband Trout) · O. mykiss gilberti (Kern River Golden Trout) · O. mykiss irideus (Rainbow Trout - Coastal) · O. mykiss mykiss (Baja California Rainbow Trout) · O. mykiss nelsoni · O. mykiss stonei (Baja California Rainbow Trout) · O. mykiss whitei (Little Kern Golden Trout) · O. mykiss x · O. nerka (Sockeye Salmon Or Kokanee) · O. nerka kennerli · O. nerka kennerlii · O. nerka kennerlyi · O. nerka nerka (Sockeye Salmon Or Kokanee) · O. paucidens · O. quinnat · O. masou subsp. masou (Salmon) · O. rhodurus (Salmon) · O. sanguinolentus · O. scouleri · O. spp · O. tschawytscha · O. tshawytscha (Chinook Salmon Or King Salmon) · O. tshawytsche · O. yessoensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Behnke, Robert J. 1992. Native Trout of Western North America. American Fisheries Society Monograph, no. 6. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. xx + 275. ISBN: 0-913235-78-4.
- Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (1990). 1990 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. 288 p.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
- Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. Oncorhynchus apache. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org . Downloaded on 30 January 2005.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3807920
- Fishbase Species ID: 2687
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 553425
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCHA02102
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4387
