Oryzomys palustris

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 22 meters (74 feet).[1]

Ecology: It prefers saltwater and freshwater marshes (semi-aquatic). It may also be found in swamps and moist meadows. Uplands bordering wetlands may be important as refuges during high tides (Kruchek 2004). Able to move between adjacent islands by swimming across salt water; in Virginia, ten movements between two islands separated by 50 m and one movement between two islands separated by 300 m were documented (Forys and Dueser 1993). Nests are placed in grassy vegetation under debris , or woven in aquatic emergents a foot or more above the high water line .

Breeding may occur throughout the year, particularly early spring . Gestation lasts 21-28 days. Litter size is 4-6 (range 1-7). Several litters per year, up to six are known. Young are weaned within two weeks.

The average home range is one acre (Negus et al. 1961). This species is an effective disperser over water and a good colonizer of barrier islands (Loxterman et al. 1998). Diet includes rice and seeds of herbaceous plants . When available (in season ), arthropods make up 75% of the diet (Negus et al. 1961). It is primarily nocturnal .[2].

List of Habitats :

•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.6     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.3     Wetlands (inland) - Shrub Dominated Wetlands   
  
•     5.4     Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps, Fens , Peatlands   
  
•     12     Marine Intertidal   
  
•     12.5     Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Mus palustris Harlan

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 09-Jun-2004

Analysis of cranial variation in Oryzomys by Humphrey and Setzer (1989) indicated that O. argentatus should be included in this species. Goodyear (1991) reinstated O. argentatus as a species, but this was not followed by Baker et al. (2003), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) cited the more thorough study by Humphrey and Setzer (1979) in not accepting argentatus as a species (though they did state that the status of argentatus merits further study using genetic techniques).

Oryzomys palustris and O. couesi formerly were considered to be conspecific (Hall 1981); they were regarded as separate species by Honacki et al. (1982), Jones et al. (1986, 1992), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005), following Benson and Gehlbach (1979). An electrophoretic study by Schmidt and Engstrom (1994) also concluded that O. palustris and O. couesi are distinct species. The taxonomic scope of the genus Oryzomys is unsettled, as are the taxonomic limits of some of the species included in the genus Oryzomys (Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005).[2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Oryzomys

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 46 species and subspecies in this genus:

O. albigularis (Tomes's Rice Rat) · O. alfaroi (Alfaro's Rice Rat) · O. alfaroi alfaroi (Alfaro's Rice Rat) · O. antillarum (Jamaican Rice Rat) · O. auriventer (Ecuadorean Rice Rat) · O. balneator (Peruvian Rice Rat) · O. bauri (Galapagos Rice Rat) · O. bolivaris (Bolivar Rice Rat) · O. buccinatus (Paraguayan Rice Rat) · O. capito (Large-Headed Rice Rat) · O. chapmani (Chapman's Rice Rat) · O. couesi (Coues's Rice Rat) · O. couesi aquaticus (Coues's Rice Rat) · O. couesi couesi (Coues's Rice Rat) · O. curasoae (Cura?ao Rice Rat) · O. devius (Boquete Rice Rat) · O. dimidiatus (Thomas's Rice Rat) · O. galapagoensis (Galapagos Rice Rat) · O. galapagoensis galapagoensis (Galapagos Rice Rat) · O. gorgasi (Gorgas's Rice Rat) · O. hammondi (Hammond's Rice Rat) · O. intectus (Colombian Rice Rat) · O. intermedius (Intermediate Rice Rat) · O. keaysi (Keays's Rice Rat) · O. kelloggi (Kellogg's Rice Rat) · O. lamia (Monster Rice Rat) · O. legatus (Big-Headed Rice Rat) · O. levipes (Light-Footed Rice Rat) · O. macconnelli (MacConnell's Rice Rat) · O. melanotis (Black-Eared Rice Rat) · O. nelsoni (Tres Marias Island Rice Rat) · O. nitidus (Elegant Rice Rat) · O. oniscus (Sowbug Rice Rat) · O. palustris (Marsh Rice Rat) · O. palustris natator (Marsh Rice Rat) · O. palustris palustris (Marsh Rice Rat) · O. polius (Gray Rice Rat) · O. ratticeps (Rat-Headed Rice Rat) · O. ratticeps ratticeps (Rat-Headed Rice Rat) · O. rhabdops (Striped Rice Rat) · O. rostratus (Long-Nosed Rice Rat) · O. saturatior (Cloud Forest Rice Rat) · O. subflavus (Terraced Rice Rat) · O. talamancae (Talamancan Rice Rat) · O. xantheolus (Yellowish Rice Rat) · O. yunganus (Yungas Rice Rat)

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Further Reading

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• A list of the land and sea mammals of North America north of Mexico. Supplement to the synopsis. By D.G. Elliot. 2 1901 Chicago, 1901. url p. 494.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., inc.[c1935] url p. 299, p. 391, p. 404, p. 406, p. 413.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
• A survey of natural areas in Brunswick County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url .
• A synopsis of the mammals of North America and the adjacent seas, by Daniel Giraud Elliot... 2 1901 Chicago, [Field Columbia Museum]1901. url p. 147, p. 458.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York. [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932]. url p. 36.
• American animals: a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species / by Witmer Stone and William Everett Cram. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1917. url p. 313.
• American animals; a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species, by Witmer Stone and William Everett Cram. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1922 [c1902] url p. 129, p. 313.
• An index to the scientific contents of the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [1817-1910] Published in commemoration of the centenary of the academy, March 21, PhiladelphiaAcademy of Natural Sciences url p. 171.
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Notes

Contributors

• Baillie, J. 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008.
• Baillie, J. 1996. Oryzomys palustris. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008. Oryzomys palustris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Burke Museum: Mammal Specimens
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Mammal Collection
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science: Mammal specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU): Mammal specimens
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Mammal Collection
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 109815
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-202378
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180336
• IUCN ID: 228930
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAFF01011
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 178847

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 105.580 based on 419 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008. Oryzomys palustris. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.