Range and Population:

This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 10,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 2,500,000-5,000,000 individuals (del Hoyo et al. 1994, Fuller et al. 2000). Global population trends have not been quantified; there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al. 1994), but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. (Ref. 66856)
Countries:Native:Albania; Andorra; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Canada; China; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Italy; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Moldova, Republic of; Mongolia; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom; Uzbekistan

Introduced:United States

Introduced (regionally extinct):New Zealand

Vagrant:Cyprus

Regionally extinct:Liechtenstein

Possibly extinct regionally:Portugal

(Ref. 66856) (Ref. 66856)

Special Maps:


Distribution of North American Breeding Bird Survey (Nesting Season/June 1996-2004) (Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005.)


Distribution of Audubon Christmas Bird Count (early winter, 1959-1988)

Political Regions:

United States: (California • Iowa • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Missouri • Mississippi • Montana • Nebraska • North Dakota • New Mexico • Nevada • New York • Ohio • Oregon • Pennsylvania • South Dakota • U.S. Virgin Islands • Vermont • Washington • Wisconsin • Wyoming)

Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • China • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iran • Ireland • Italy • Kazakhstan • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Moldova • Mongolia • Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Poland • Romania • Russia • Serbia and Montenegro • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Uzbekistan

Observations

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Data Sources: Biologiezentrum Linz [14] • Bird Collection (using MANIS DW2 Schema) [1] • eBird [11] • Fishes (NRM) [2] • Great Backyard Bird Count [16] • Herp Collection (using MANIS DW2 Schema) [3] • Herts Bird Club - Hertfordshire Breeding Bird Atlas : 1988-1992 [1] • MCZ Ornithology Collection [1] • Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985 [1] • Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005 [1] • Vertebrate specimens [143]

Number of Records used from each source for this map shown in [square brackets]
(Map displays a random subset of 8,323 unique observations from a total of 25,241)

Occurrence Overview

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