Pinicola enucleator

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Fringillidae

A Family of seed-eating, small to moderately large passerine birds that have strong , stubby beaks, which in some species can be quite large. They have a bouncing flight, alternating flapping with gliding on closed wings. Most sing well.

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,091 meters (0 to 13,422 feet).Mean = 597.240 meters (1,959.449 feet), Standard Deviation = 646.810 based on 4,903 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Ecology:
List of Habitats :1.1Forest - Boreal 1.4Forest - Temperate

Biology

Diet

Almost Exclusively: Fruit Seeds

Lesser Quantities of: Insects

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 2-5
• Length of Incubation : 13-15 days
• Days to Fledge : 13-20
• Number of Broods: 1?

Migration

Northern birds migrate

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus) 1758
2. Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

The Pine Grosbeak is separable from similar species (finches, crossbills) by its larger size, longer tail and distinctive call notes.

Members of the genus Pinicola

There are approximately 17 species in this genus:

P. enucleater · P. enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) · P. enucleator alascensis · P. enucleator californica · P. enucleator carlottae (Pine Grosbeak) · P. enucleator enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) · P. enucleator eschatosus · P. enucleator flammula · P. enucleator kamtschathensis · P. enucleator kamtschatkensis · P. enucleator leucura · P. enucleator leucurus · P. enucleator montana (Pine Grosbeak) · P. enucleator montanus · P. enucleator sakhalinensis · P. subhimachala · P. subhimachalus

Bibliography

• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places: For References from A–L. For References from M–Z.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 18 providers.
• Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Bird Collection
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850140
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179213
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13815960
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179205
• IUCN ID: 53483
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBY03010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13652

Footnotes

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.