Salmo carpio

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Salmonids ; A short-lived species which is lives in lakes . Feeds on invertebrates . Is threatened due to habitat destruction, pollution and overfishing [1].

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Salmonidae

Distribution: Northern Hemisphere, but widely introduced in cold waters for sports and aquaculture. Many are anadromous , spending part of their life at sea , but returning to freshwater where all species spawn in a gravel bed in rivers or streams ; most fish die after spawning. Small cycloid scales . Gill membranes reaching far forward, detached from isthmus. Axillary process on pelvics . Last three vertebrae directed upward. No spines. Adipose fin present. Attains 1.5 m (maybe 2 m) maximum length . Highly valuable in sport and commercial fisheries. There is disagreement about the status of some species and genera.The family Salmonidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Salmoniformes. It contains 11 genera and 66 species. It may be found in Marine , Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Peripheral/diadromous. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Cretaceous period. This family may be found from 80° n to 24° s and 180° w to 180° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, salmo, -onis = the same fish

Habitat

Biome: Fresh water . Demersal .

Ecology: It is a lacustrine species. It has two spawning seasons : one in winter and one in summer.[2]


List of Habitats :5.5Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Salmo brevipes Smitt, 1882
2. Salmo caerulescens Schmidt, 1795
3. Salmo goedenii Bloch, 1784
4. Salmo hamatus Cuvier, 1829
5. Salmo hardinii Günther, 1866
6. Salmo nobilis Olafsen, 1772
7. Salmo ocla Nilsson, 1832
8. Salmo renatus Lacepède, 1803
9. Salmo rilla Lacepède, 1803
10. Salmo salar brevipes Smitt, 1882
11. Salmo salar europaeus Payne, Child & Forrest, 1971
12. Salmo salar lacustris Hardin, 1862
13. Salmo salar saimensis Seppovaara, 1962
14. Salmo salar sebago Girard, 1853
15. Salmo salmo Valenciennes, 1848
16. Salmo salmulus Walbaum, 1792
17. Salmo sebago Girard, 1853
18. Trutta relicta Malmgren, 1863
19. Trutta salar (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 18-Feb-1999

Similar Species

Members of the genus Salmo

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 447 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. (Platysalmo) platycephalus · S. adirondacus · Distichodus rostratus · S. agassizii · S. agua · S. aguabonita · S. aguabonita whitei · S. akairos · S. albula · S. albus · S. alipes · S. alleganiensis · S. alpinus · S. alpinus murta · S. alpinus niger · S. alpinus thingvallensis · S. amethystinus · S. amethystus · S. anostomus · S. apache · S. aphelios (Salmon) · S. aquabonita · S. aquabonita aquabonita · S. aquilarum · S. arabatsch · S. arcticus · S. arcturus · S. schiefermuelleri · S. argentinus · S. argyreus · S. ascanii · S. auratus · S. ausonii · S. autumnalis · S. bairdii · S. balcanicus (Salmon) · S. bathoecetor · S. beardsleei · S. bimaculatus · S. brachypoma · S. brevicauda · S. cagoara · S. callaris · S. campbelli · S. canadensis · S. canis · S. carbonarius · S. carinatus · S. carpio (Carpione Del Garda) · S. caspius · S. catervarius · S. cettii (Salmon) · S. cf. salar · S. clarki · S. clarkii · S. clarkii alpestris · S. clarkii clarkii (Coastal Cutthroat Trout) · S. clarkii henshawi · S. clarkii lewisi · S. clarkii stomias · S. clarkii tahoensis · S. clarki alpestris · S. clarki clarki · S. clarki declivifrons · S. clarki henshawi · S. clarki jordani · S. clarki lewisi · S. clarki pleuriticus · S. clarki seleniris · S. clarki stomias · S. clarki virginalis · S. clarki x · Triportheus nematurus · S. colii · S. confinis · S. confluentus · S. consuetus · S. cooperi · S. coregonoides · S. corimbata · S. cornubiensis · S. cumberland · S. curilus · S. curima · S. cyniclope · Coregonus peled · S. dentex (Salmon) · S. dermatinus · S. digitalis · S. distichus · S. edentulus · S. eperlanomarinus · S. eperlanus · S. eremogenes · S. eriox · S. eriox rhodanensis (Salmon) · S. erythraeus · S. erythrinus · S. erythrogaster · Pristobrycon aureus

More Info

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Further Reading

• A history of Scandinavian fishes / by B. Fries, C.U. Ekstr¿m and C. Sundevall; with coloured plates by W. von Wright and text illustrations. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & son?er, 1892-1895. ENG url p. 831, p. 851.
• A history of the fishes of the British Islands / by Jonathan Couch. London: G. Bell, 1877-1878. ENG url p. 273.
• Allgemeine Fischerei-Zeitung. M©nchen [etc.]Landesfischereiverband Bayern [etc.] GER url p. 433, p. 82.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 153, p. 153, p. 361, p. 408, p. 445, p. 510, p. 83.
• Atti della Societtaliana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano. Milano: 1896- ITA url p. 122, p. 125, p. 126, p. 130, p. 132, p. 139, p. 140, p. 141, p. 145, p. 147, p. 24.
• Atti della Riunione, &c. I-VIII & XI. [11 Vol. in 10]. Pisa, &c, 1840-75. ITA url p. 23.
• Bianco, P.G. (1995). Mediterranean endemic freshwater fishes of Italy. Biol. Conserv. 72:159-170.
• Bianco, P.G. 1995. Mediterranean endemic freshwater fishes of Italy. Biological Conservation 72: 159–170.
• Bollettino della Società dei naturalisti in Napoli. Napoli, Giannini [etc.] ITA url p. 207.
• Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France. Paris: La Société, FRE url p. 201.
• Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Print. Off. ENG url p. 277, p. 484.
• Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum / by Albert G [Tokyo?]: Kagaku Kisho Hakkokai, Shwa 13 [1938]. ENG url p. 124, p. 80.
• Catalogue of the fishes in the Museum / by A. Günther 1866 ENG url p. 124, p. 80.
• Compendium der Helminthologie. Ein Verzeichniss der bekannten Helminthen, die frei oder in thierischen Körpern leben, geordnet nach ihren Wohnthieren, unter Angabe der Organe, in denen sie gefunden sind, und mit Beifügung der Litte von O. von Linstow. Hannover: Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, 1878. GER url p. 262.
• Confortini, I. 1998. Evolution of fish community of the Lake Garda; Present and past situation. Atts 6 Convegno A.I.I.A.D. Regione Liguria, Provincia Di La Spezia pp: 77–86.
• Die S©sswasserfische der ©streichischen Monarchie mit r©cksicht auf die angr©Þnzenden l©Þnder / bearbeitet von Jakob Heckel und Rudolf Kner. Leipzig: W. Englmann, 1858. GER url p. 271.
• Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Leipzig: C.F. Winter, 1880- GER url p. 1048, p. 1118.
• Fauna arctica: eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 / Unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen h Jena: G. Fischer, 19 GER url p. 129, p. 25, p. 26, p. 28, p. 465.
• Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Editorial board: editor-in-chief John Tee-Van [and others] New Haven, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., 1948- ENG url p. 505, p. 523.
• Histoire naturelle des poissons / par le Cen Lacep©·de. A Paris: Chez Saugrain. .., l'an VII de la R©publique [1799, i.e. 1803]-an XII [1804]. FRE url p. 211.
• Ittiologia veronese ad uso popolare e per servire alla introduzione della piscicultura nella provincia / di Edoardo de Betta. Verona: Tip. Vicentini e Franchini, 1862. ITA url p. 110, p. 148, p. 39.
• Melotto, S. and Alessio, G. 1990. Biology of carpione, Salmo carpio L., an endemic species of Lake Garda (Italy). Journal of Fish Biology 37: 687–698.
• Naturgeschichte der fische Islands, mit einem anhange von den isl©Þndischen medusen und strahlthieren. Von Friedrich Faber Frankfurt am Main, H.L. Br©nner, 1829. GER url p. 162, p. 168, p. 170.
• Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali. Bologna. url p. 99.
• Patarnello, T., Bargelloni, L., Caldara, F. and Colombo, L. 1994. Cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequence variation in the Salmo trutta (Salmonidae, Teleostei) species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3: 69–74.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 507.
• Soft-rayed Bony fishes: class Osteichthyes, order Acipenseroidei, order Lepisostei, order Isospondyli, suborder Elopoidea, suborder Clupeoidea, suborder Salmonoidea / Henry B. Bigelow [et al.]. New Haven, Conn.: Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, 1963. ENG url p. 505, p. 523.
• The fisheries of the Adriatic and the fish thereof: a report of the Austro-Hungarian sea-fisheries: with a detailed description of the marine fauna of the Adriatic Gulf / by G. L. Faber. London: B. Quaritch, 1883. ENG url p. 270, p. 84.
• The fresh-water fishes of Europe. A history of their genera, species, structure, habits, and distribution. By H. G. Seeley London, Cassell & company, limited, 1886. ENG url p. 265, p. 296.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: J. Hughes, Printer, 1869-1934. ENG url p. 248.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 296, p. 37.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
• Crivelli, A.J. 2005. Salmo carpio. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Crivelli, A.J. 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• FishBase
• FishBase 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed May 20, 2006. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Williams, Jeffrey T. (from FishBase).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Salmo carpio. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org . Downloaded on 30 January 2005.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

• European Environment Agency: EUNIS

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2501285
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-113196
• Fishbase Species ID: 46490
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 623490
• IUCN ID: 19856
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 7348

Footnotes

1. Crivelli, A.J. (1996). The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. [back]
2. Crivelli, A.J. 2006. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008. [back]

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