Sitta carolinensis (Rocky Mountain Nuthatch)

Interesting Facts

Have you ever seen a whitebreasted nuthatch? Look for a small, gray-backed bird that creeps down the trunk of a tree , clinging to the bark like a woodpecker but with its head pointed downward. Listen for its rapid, nasal weh-weh-weh as it appears to mutter to itself, but really converses with its mate clinging upside down on the trunk of a nearby tree. This little bird is only five to six inches long, chunky, with a gray back, white face sharply contrasting with a black cap, uptilted bill, white underparts, and a stubby tail.[1]
The nuthatch name apparently comes from the birds' ability to open nuts by securing them in a bark crevice and hammering with their bills, but the striking thing about them is the head-down position they usually assume while gleaning insects from bark.[1]

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Carolina Nuthatch, Common Nuthatch, Devil Downhead, Devil-Down-Head, Florida Nuthatch, Inyo Nuthatch, Rocky Mountain Nuthatch, San Lucas Nuthatch, San Pedro Nuthatch, Sapsucker, Slender-Billed Nuthatch, Topsy-Turvy Bird, Tree Mouse, Western Nuthatch, White-Breasted Nuthatch, Yank

Common Names in French:

Sittelle � Poitrine Blanche, Sittelle à Poitrine Blanche

Common Names in German:

Carolinakleiber

Common Names in Japanese:

カオジロゴジュウカラ

Common Names in Spanish:

Sita Pecho Blanco

Description

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Subfamily Sittidae

A family of small passerine birds in 23 species. Most live in the woods , and all can run down trees head first. Nuthatches featuresbig heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. They are omnivorous .

Physical Description

Adult : Head : Cap: black Face : white Bill: black Curvature: slight upturn at tip Length : long Neck: Collar : black partial collar on hindneck Nape: black Body: Lower Belly: white with rusty wash Upper Belly: white Breast: white Flanks: white with rusty wash Underparts: white Upperparts: blue-gray Legs : Foot Color: black Leg Color: black Wings: Secondaries: blackish blue with white edging Tertials: blackish blue with white edging Tail: blue-black with white patches Crissum: white with rusty wash.

Color:

Top of head black; under parts mostly white except a rusty wash near rump ; back gray; wings and tail mottled gray, black, and white. All of the birds in this family are commonly seen climbing up, down , and around tree trunks and branches.

Size/Age/Growth

About 5 to 6 inches long, with a wingspan of 9 to 11 inches. Adults weigh about 0.7 ounces .

Habitat

Hardwood forests are the primary habitat of the White-breasted Nuthatch. It prefers mature trees and will frequent more open forested areas, including residential areas, parks, and bottomlands . Found in confiers and deciduous forests in winter.

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, gallery forests • Minimum Elevation: 1,250 meters • Maximum Elevation: 3,600 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Upper subtropical: higher slopes, 500-1,600 m.; subtropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Medium

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane

Biology

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Diet

The diet of this nuthatch includes mostly insects and spiders, although during the winter it may eat some acorns and nuts. The food is found by searching the trunks and branches of trees .

A mated pair often stays together through the winter foraging for spiders, insects, eggs and cocoons , sometimes out of sight from one another but keeping in touch with intermittent soft whisperings. The birds also eat acorns and other nuts, and they extract insect larvae from the nuts. They are very fond of suet and sunflower seeds provided at feeders and will often cache morsels in crevices in tree bark or under the shingles of roofs.[1]

Reproduction

In the spring the male starts to sing a hollow, whistled six- to eight-note "tew-tew-tew" and may bring food to his mate. They find an old woodpecker nest , hollow out a rotted limb or even utilize a manmade bird box and build a nest of twigs , grasses and roots , often lined with fur from a dead rabbit or squirrel. A clutch size of eight is common, and the nuthatch can lay up to 10 white eggs that are spotted with brown. The young first fly about 14 days after hatching , and the family may stay together into the fall .[1]

The breeding season begins in mid-March, peaks in mid-April, and extends through May. The nest site is commonly 3-18 m (10-60 feet) high. This adaptable species nests in a naturally occurring cavity , excavates its own cavity, uses an abandoned woodpecker cavity, or occasionally uses nest boxes. The female lays 3-10 (usually 5-8) eggs that she incubates for 12 days. The male feeds the incubating female. The young are altricial and fledge 14 days after hatching. The juveniles are fed for a short period after leaving the nest.

Breeding Habitat : Woodland Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting Nest Type: Cavity Clutch Size: 5-10 Length of Incubation : 12 days Days to Fledge: 14

Migration

Nonmigratory

The call of this species is a low, nasal yank.

Taxonomy

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Kingdom: Animalia () - animals
- Phylum: Chordata () - Chordates
  - Class: Aves () - Birds
    - Order: Passeriformes () - Perching Birds
      - Subfamily: Sittidae () - Nuthatches
        Genus: Sitta () - Linnaeus 1758 Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.115
        Specific name: carolinensis - Latham 1790 IndexOrn. 1 p.262
        Scientific name: - Sitta carolinensis Latham 1790

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

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Red-Breasted Nuthatch

Members of the genus Sitta

There are approximately 122 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 09, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009.
Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
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Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
The Georgia Museum of Natural History and Georgia Department of Natural Resources

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 09, 2008:

Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3848288
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178783
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13805040
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178775
IUCN ID: 51971
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAZ01020
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 909

Footnotes

New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009. [back]

Sitta carolinensis

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Subfamily Sittidae

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Diet

Reproduction

Migration

Taxonomy

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sitta

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes