Turdus migratorius

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Minimum Elevation: 1,200 meters • Maximum Elevation: 4,000 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane 14.6 Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest

Biology

Diet

Mostly: Fruit. Lesser Quantities of: Insects Worms.

Reproduction

The breeding season lasts from April through August. Cup-shaped nests are built 2-7 m (6-20 ft ) above ground in many types of trees and shrubs . A Robin's nest , usually constructed of woven grass , is distinguished by generous mud reinforcement. The female lays 4 - 5 light blue eggs , which she incubates for 13 days. Nestlings are altricial. Both the male and female feed the young birds, which fledge from the nest after 15 days.

• Breeding Habitat : Urban
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-4
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge: 14-16
• Number of Broods: 2, occasionally 3

Migration

Migratory

Behavior

The American Robin inhabits a wide variety of natural and human-modified areas, including forest edges , parks, and suburban towns. The Robin has a conspicuous style of foraging . It walks quickly along the ground , pausing frequently to scan the ground for prey , sometimes with its head angled to one side. Robins pull earthworms, insects, and insect larvae from the ground and glean berries from bushes.

Often seen walking, with an erect stance, across lawns in cities or towns. In winter, flocks may be seen in berry-bearing trees and bushes.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Rufous-Backed Robin

Members of the genus Turdus

There are approximately 346 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

T. abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. abyssinicus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. abyssinicus bambusicola · T. abyssinicus roehli · T. albiceps · T. albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albicollis albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albicollis contemptus · T. albicollis crotopezus · T. albicollis daguae · T. albicollis oblitus · T. albicollis paraguayensis · T. albicollis phaeopygoides · T. albicollis phaeopygus · T. albicollis spodiolaemus · T. albipectus · T. albiventer-foem · T. albiventer-masc · T. albiventris · T. albocinctus (White-Collared Blackbird) · T. amaurochalinus (Creamy-Bellied Thrush) · T. analis · T. ardosiacea · T. arundinaceus · T. assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. assimilis assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. assimilis atrotinctus · T. assimilis cnephosus · T. assimilis daguae · T. assimilis leucauchen · T. assimilis lygrus · T. assimilis or · T. assimilis renominatus · T. assimilis rubicundus · T. atrogularis · T. aurantiirostris · T. aurantius (White-Chinned Thrush) · T. badius · T. baraka · T. bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. bewsheri bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. bewsheri comorensis · T. bewsheri moheliensis · T. bimaculatus · T. bocagei · T. boulboul (Grey-Winged Blackbird) · T. brachypterus · T. carbonarius · T. cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. cardis cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. castaneus · T. caudatus · T. celaenops (Seven Islands Thrush) · T. centralis · T. chalybeus · T. chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chiguancoides · T. chiguanco anthracinus · T. chiguanco chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chiguanco conradi · T. chrysolaus (Brown-Headed Thrush) · T. chrysolaus chrysolaus (Brown-Headed Thrush) · T. chrysolaus orii · T. cochinchinensis · T. confinis · T. crossleyi · T. cyaneus · T. dauma · T. dauma aureus · T. dispar · T. dissimilis (Black-Breasted Thrush) · T. dissimilis hortulorum · T. dubius · T. ericetorum · T. erythropterus · T. eunomus · T. falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. falcklandii falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. falcklandii magellanicus · T. falklandii · T. falklandii magellanicus · T. feae (Grey-Sided Thrush) · T. figulus · T. fischeri · T. fischeri belcheri · T. fischeri maxis · T. flavipes · T. flavirostris · T. fulviventris (Chestnut-Bellied Thrush) · T. fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fumigatus aquilonalis · T. fumigatus bondi · T. fumigatus fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fumigatus personus · T. fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. fuscater cacozela · T. fuscater cacozelus · T. fuscater fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. fuscater gigantodes · T. fuscater gigas

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958. ENG url p. 644.
• A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. By R. Bowdler Sharpe.. . London, E. Lloyd, Limited, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 272.
• A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting.. . London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 348.
• A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology.. . By W London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 ENG url p. 464.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 499, p. 526.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 220.
• A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada. By Thomas Nuttall.. . Cambridge, Hilliard and Brown, 1832-1834. ENG url p. 569.
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• A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and amp; Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 144, p. 6.
• A student's text-book of zoology, by Adam Sedgwick. London, S. Sonnenschein and Co.;1898-1909. ENG url p. 475.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 19, 2007:

• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3847845
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179765
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13276632
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179759
• IUCN ID: 51639
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBJ20170
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 209

Footnotes

1. Mean = 383.010 meters (1,256.594 feet), Standard Deviation = 486.460 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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