Histeridae
(Family)Histeridae is a family of beetles, commonly known as clown beetles or hister beetles. They have a distinctive appearance, with flattened leg segments recalling the baggy or flowing clothes of clowns or actors ("hister" is from the Latin histrio, actor). The 3,900 species of the family are found worldwide.
Characteristics
Clown beetles are small to medium sized. Two general body forms exist within the Histeridae. The more common form is nearly circular and very compact; the other form tends to be longer than wide and somewhat rectangular in shape. Many clown beetles are dark colored, often black, but they may have red, orange, or yellow markings. There are often grooves in the beetle's underside into which the antennae and legs can be retracted when the beetle feels threatened. Their legs are flat and widened, an adaptation for digging in soil or dung. Such an adaptation is said to be fossorial.
Systematics and Evolution
Histeridae belong to the superfamily Histeroidea, of the Staphyliniformia group. The family is currently divided into 330 genera and the following subfamilies:
- Abraeinae
- Chlamydopsinae
- Dendrophilinae
- Haeteriinae
- Histerinae
- Niponiinae
- Onthophilinae
- Saprininae
- Tribalinae
- Trypanaeinae
- Trypeticinae
The relationships and (monophyly) of the subfamilies are not clear yet, and recent studies have cast much doubt on the traditional views[1].
Ecology
Clown beetles can usually be found living in dung, carrion, or animal burrows, where both the larvae and adults feed on the juvenile stages of other insects, especially those of flies. In this way clown beetles can be instrumental in controlling certain livestock pests that breed in dung. The Hetaeriinae and Chlamydopsinae subfamilies are myrmecophilic
Further Reading
For the Palaearctic fauna, the most up to date work is:
Witzgall, K. 1971: Famienreihe Histeroidea. 10. Familie: Histeridae. In Freude, H., Harde, K.W., Lohse, G.A. (Eds.): Die Käfer Mitteleuropas Vol. 3. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 156-189.
Photos
Map
Taxonomy
The Family Histeridae is a member of the Superfamily Hydrophiloidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Histeridae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Latreille, 1829 - arthropods
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
Snodgrass, 1938 - Hexapods
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Order: Coleoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Beetles
- Suborder: Polyphaga
Emery, 1886
- Infraorder: Scarabaeiformia
- Superfamily: Hydrophiloidea
- Family: Histeridae - Hister Beetles
- Superfamily: Hydrophiloidea
- Infraorder: Scarabaeiformia
- Suborder: Polyphaga
Emery, 1886
- Order: Coleoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Beetles
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
Snodgrass, 1938 - Hexapods
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Latreille, 1829 - arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Histeridae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (7): Abraeinae · Dendrophilinae · Hetaeriinae · Histerinae · Hydrophilinae · Saprininae · Sphaeridiinae
- Genus (166): Abraeomorphus · Abraeus · Acritodes · Acritus · Aeletes · Ametor · Anacaena · Anaglymma · Anapleus · Antongilus · Aphelosternus · Apobletodes · Atholus · Atribalus · Bacaniomorphus · Bacanius · Baconia · Baeckmanniolus · Baekmanniolus · Berosus · Binhister · Bryobiota · Canarinus · Carcinops · Cercyon · Chaetabraeus · Chaetarthria · Chalcionellus · Chartabraeus · Chlamydopsis · Coelostoma · Contipus · Crenitis · Cryptopleurum · Cyclobacanius · Cyclotypus · Cycrillum · Cylister · Cylistix · Cymbiodyta · Cypturus · Dactylosternum · Dahlgrenius · Dendrophilus · Derallus · Dibolocelus · Diplostix · Eblisia · Enochrus · Eopachylopus · Epiechinus · Epierus · Epitoxasia · Epitoxus · Eremosaprinus · Eretmotus · Eubrachium · Eudiplister · Eulomalus · Euspilotus · Eutriptus · Exaesiopus · Genyon · Glymma · Gnathoncus · Gnatonchus · Gomyoscelis · Grammostethus · Haeterius · Halacritus · Helobata · Helochares · Helophorus · Hetaerius · Heteryon · Hister · Histeridae · Hololepta · Hydrobiomorpha · Hydrobius · Hydrochara · Hydrophilus · Hypobletus · Hypocacculus · Hypocaccus · Iberacritus · Idolia · Iliotona · Kissister · Laccobius · Lewister · Limnoxenus · Liopygus · Macrolister · Macrosternus · Margarinotus · Margarintus · Megasternum · Merohister · Microlomalus · Myrmetes · Neopachylopus · Nicotikis · Niponius · Notodoma · Notosaprinus · Omalodes · Omicrus · Onthophilus · Oocyclus · Oosternum · Operclipygus · Orectoscelis · Oxysternus · Pachycraerus · Pachylister · Pachylomalus · Pachylopus · Pactolinus · Paracymus · Paralister · Paratropus · Parepierus · Paromalus · Pelosoma · Pemelus · Peranus · Phaenonotum · Phaenostoma · Phaenotypus · Pheidoliphila · Phelister · Phloeolister · Pholioxenus · Plaesius · Plagiogramma · Platyeutidium · Platylister · Platylomalus · Platysoma · Plegaderus · Pleuroleptus · Pseudepierus · Psiloscelis · Saprinus · Sardulus · Satrapes · Spelaeabraeus · Sperchopsis · Sphaerites · Sternocoelis · Stictostix · Styphrus · Teretriosoma · Teretrius · Therondus · Tomogenius · Tribalus · Troglosternus · Tropisternus · Trypeticus · Tryponaeus · Xenonychus · Xerosaprinus · Xestipyge · Zabromorphus
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1,552 species and subspecies in the Family Histeridae.
Genera
Abraeomorphus
More info about the Genus Abraeomorphus may be found here.
Abraeus
Abraeus is a genus of hister beetles. [more]
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Abraeus.
More info about the Genus Abraeus may be found here.
Acritodes
More info about the Genus Acritodes may be found here.
Acritus
At least 34 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Acritus.
More info about the Genus Acritus may be found here.
Aeletes
At least 64 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Aeletes.
More info about the Genus Aeletes may be found here.
Ametor
More info about the Genus Ametor may be found here.
Anacaena
At least 22 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Anacaena.
More info about the Genus Anacaena may be found here.
Anaglymma
More info about the Genus Anaglymma may be found here.
Anapleus
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Anapleus.
More info about the Genus Anapleus may be found here.
Antongilus
More info about the Genus Antongilus may be found here.
Aphelosternus
More info about the Genus Aphelosternus may be found here.
Apobletodes
More info about the Genus Apobletodes may be found here.
Atholus
At least 25 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Atholus.
More info about the Genus Atholus may be found here.
Atribalus
More info about the Genus Atribalus may be found here.
Bacaniomorphus
More info about the Genus Bacaniomorphus may be found here.
Bacanius
At least 26 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Bacanius.
More info about the Genus Bacanius may be found here.
Baconia
More info about the Genus Baconia may be found here.
Baeckmanniolus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Baeckmanniolus.
More info about the Genus Baeckmanniolus may be found here.
Baekmanniolus
More info about the Genus Baekmanniolus may be found here.
Berosus
At least 128 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Berosus.
More info about the Genus Berosus may be found here.
Binhister
More info about the Genus Binhister may be found here.
Bryobiota
More info about the Genus Bryobiota may be found here.
Canarinus
More info about the Genus Canarinus may be found here.
Carcinops
At least 17 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Carcinops.
More info about the Genus Carcinops may be found here.
Cercyon
At least 100 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cercyon.
More info about the Genus Cercyon may be found here.
Chaetabraeus
At least 21 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chaetabraeus.
More info about the Genus Chaetabraeus may be found here.
Chaetarthria
At least 23 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chaetarthria.
More info about the Genus Chaetarthria may be found here.
Chalcionellus
At least 20 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chalcionellus.
More info about the Genus Chalcionellus may be found here.
Chartabraeus
More info about the Genus Chartabraeus may be found here.
Chlamydopsis
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chlamydopsis.
More info about the Genus Chlamydopsis may be found here.
Coelostoma
At least 26 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Coelostoma.
More info about the Genus Coelostoma may be found here.
Contipus
More info about the Genus Contipus may be found here.
Crenitis
At least 21 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Crenitis.
More info about the Genus Crenitis may be found here.
Cryptopleurum
At least 13 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cryptopleurum.
More info about the Genus Cryptopleurum may be found here.
Cyclobacanius
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cyclobacanius.
More info about the Genus Cyclobacanius may be found here.
Cyclotypus
More info about the Genus Cyclotypus may be found here.
Cycrillum
More info about the Genus Cycrillum may be found here.
Cylister
At least 12 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cylister.
More info about the Genus Cylister may be found here.
Cylistix
More info about the Genus Cylistix may be found here.
Cymbiodyta
At least 31 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cymbiodyta.
More info about the Genus Cymbiodyta may be found here.
Cypturus
More info about the Genus Cypturus may be found here.
Dactylosternum
At least 15 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Dactylosternum.
More info about the Genus Dactylosternum may be found here.
Dahlgrenius
More info about the Genus Dahlgrenius may be found here.
Dendrophilus
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Dendrophilus.
More info about the Genus Dendrophilus may be found here.
Derallus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Derallus.
More info about the Genus Derallus may be found here.
Dibolocelus
More info about the Genus Dibolocelus may be found here.
Diplostix
More info about the Genus Diplostix may be found here.
Eblisia
At least 8 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Eblisia.
More info about the Genus Eblisia may be found here.
Enochrus
At least 102 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Enochrus.
More info about the Genus Enochrus may be found here.
Eopachylopus
More info about the Genus Eopachylopus may be found here.
Epiechinus
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Epiechinus.
More info about the Genus Epiechinus may be found here.
Epierus
At least 14 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Epierus.
More info about the Genus Epierus may be found here.
Epitoxasia
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Epitoxasia.
More info about the Genus Epitoxasia may be found here.
Epitoxus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Epitoxus.
More info about the Genus Epitoxus may be found here.
Eremosaprinus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Eremosaprinus.
More info about the Genus Eremosaprinus may be found here.
Eretmotus
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Eretmotus.
More info about the Genus Eretmotus may be found here.
Eubrachium
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Eubrachium.
More info about the Genus Eubrachium may be found here.
Eudiplister
More info about the Genus Eudiplister may be found here.
Eulomalus
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Eulomalus.
More info about the Genus Eulomalus may be found here.
Euspilotus
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Euspilotus.
More info about the Genus Euspilotus may be found here.
Eutriptus
More info about the Genus Eutriptus may be found here.
Exaesiopus
More info about the Genus Exaesiopus may be found here.
Genyon
More info about the Genus Genyon may be found here.
Glymma
More info about the Genus Glymma may be found here.
Gnathoncus
At least 14 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Gnathoncus.
More info about the Genus Gnathoncus may be found here.
Gnatonchus
More info about the Genus Gnatonchus may be found here.
Gomyoscelis
More info about the Genus Gomyoscelis may be found here.
Grammostethus
More info about the Genus Grammostethus may be found here.
Haeterius
More info about the Genus Haeterius may be found here.
Halacritus
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Halacritus.
More info about the Genus Halacritus may be found here.
Helobata
More info about the Genus Helobata may be found here.
Helochares
At least 55 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Helochares.
More info about the Genus Helochares may be found here.
Helophorus
At least 123 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Helophorus.
More info about the Genus Helophorus may be found here.
Hetaerius
At least 19 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hetaerius.
More info about the Genus Hetaerius may be found here.
Heteryon
More info about the Genus Heteryon may be found here.
Hister
Hister (genetive Histri) is the Latin name for the Danube River (especially its lower course), or for the people living along its banks. It also appears as Ister, equivalent to the Ancient Greek ᾽´Ιστρος, which also meant the Danube River or the region around its mouth. A city called Istria still appears near the mouth of the Danube in some modern atlases. [more]
At least 98 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hister.
More info about the Genus Hister may be found here.
Histeridae
More info about the Genus Histeridae may be found here.
Hololepta
At least 25 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hololepta.
More info about the Genus Hololepta may be found here.
Hydrobiomorpha
At least 16 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hydrobiomorpha.
More info about the Genus Hydrobiomorpha may be found here.
Hydrobius
At least 16 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hydrobius.
More info about the Genus Hydrobius may be found here.
Hydrochara
At least 17 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hydrochara.
More info about the Genus Hydrochara may be found here.
Hydrophilus
At least 25 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hydrophilus.
More info about the Genus Hydrophilus may be found here.
Hypobletus
More info about the Genus Hypobletus may be found here.
Hypocacculus
At least 30 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hypocacculus.
More info about the Genus Hypocacculus may be found here.
Hypocaccus
At least 36 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Hypocaccus.
More info about the Genus Hypocaccus may be found here.
Iberacritus
More info about the Genus Iberacritus may be found here.
Idolia
More info about the Genus Idolia may be found here.
Iliotona
More info about the Genus Iliotona may be found here.
Kissister
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Kissister.
More info about the Genus Kissister may be found here.
Laccobius
At least 115 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Laccobius.
More info about the Genus Laccobius may be found here.
Lewister
More info about the Genus Lewister may be found here.
Limnoxenus
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Limnoxenus.
More info about the Genus Limnoxenus may be found here.
Liopygus
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Liopygus.
More info about the Genus Liopygus may be found here.
Macrolister
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Macrolister.
More info about the Genus Macrolister may be found here.
Macrosternus
More info about the Genus Macrosternus may be found here.
Margarinotus
At least 54 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Margarinotus.
More info about the Genus Margarinotus may be found here.
Margarintus
More info about the Genus Margarintus may be found here.
Megasternum
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Megasternum.
More info about the Genus Megasternum may be found here.
Merohister
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Merohister.
More info about the Genus Merohister may be found here.
Microlomalus
More info about the Genus Microlomalus may be found here.
Myrmetes
More info about the Genus Myrmetes may be found here.
Neopachylopus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Neopachylopus.
More info about the Genus Neopachylopus may be found here.
Nicotikis
More info about the Genus Nicotikis may be found here.
Niponius
At least 6 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Niponius.
More info about the Genus Niponius may be found here.
Notodoma
More info about the Genus Notodoma may be found here.
Notosaprinus
More info about the Genus Notosaprinus may be found here.
Omalodes
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Omalodes.
More info about the Genus Omalodes may be found here.
Omicrus
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Omicrus.
More info about the Genus Omicrus may be found here.
Onthophilus
At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Onthophilus.
More info about the Genus Onthophilus may be found here.
Oocyclus
At least 8 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Oocyclus.
More info about the Genus Oocyclus may be found here.
Oosternum
At least 6 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Oosternum.
More info about the Genus Oosternum may be found here.
Operclipygus
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Operclipygus.
More info about the Genus Operclipygus may be found here.
Orectoscelis
More info about the Genus Orectoscelis may be found here.
Oxysternus
More info about the Genus Oxysternus may be found here.
Pachycraerus
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Pachycraerus.
More info about the Genus Pachycraerus may be found here.
Pachylister
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Pachylister.
More info about the Genus Pachylister may be found here.
Pachylomalus
More info about the Genus Pachylomalus may be found here.
Pachylopus
More info about the Genus Pachylopus may be found here.
Pactolinus
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Pactolinus.
More info about the Genus Pactolinus may be found here.
Paracymus
At least 50 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Paracymus.
More info about the Genus Paracymus may be found here.
Paralister
At least 8 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Paralister.
More info about the Genus Paralister may be found here.
Paratropus
At least 11 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Paratropus.
More info about the Genus Paratropus may be found here.
Parepierus
More info about the Genus Parepierus may be found here.
Paromalus
At least 13 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Paromalus.
More info about the Genus Paromalus may be found here.
Pelosoma
At least 8 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Pelosoma.
More info about the Genus Pelosoma may be found here.
Pemelus
More info about the Genus Pemelus may be found here.
Peranus
More info about the Genus Peranus may be found here.
Phaenonotum
At least 9 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Phaenonotum.
More info about the Genus Phaenonotum may be found here.
Phaenostoma
More info about the Genus Phaenostoma may be found here.
Phaenotypus
More info about the Genus Phaenotypus may be found here.
Pheidoliphila
More info about the Genus Pheidoliphila may be found here.
Phelister
At least 17 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Phelister.
More info about the Genus Phelister may be found here.
Phloeolister
More info about the Genus Phloeolister may be found here.
Pholioxenus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Pholioxenus.
More info about the Genus Pholioxenus may be found here.
Plaesius
More info about the Genus Plaesius may be found here.
Plagiogramma
At least 25 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Plagiogramma.
More info about the Genus Plagiogramma may be found here.
Platyeutidium
More info about the Genus Platyeutidium may be found here.
Platylister
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Platylister.
More info about the Genus Platylister may be found here.
Platylomalus
At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Platylomalus.
More info about the Genus Platylomalus may be found here.
Platysoma
At least 89 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Platysoma.
More info about the Genus Platysoma may be found here.
Plegaderus
At least 20 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Plegaderus.
More info about the Genus Plegaderus may be found here.
Pleuroleptus
More info about the Genus Pleuroleptus may be found here.
Pseudepierus
More info about the Genus Pseudepierus may be found here.
Psiloscelis
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Psiloscelis.
More info about the Genus Psiloscelis may be found here.
Saprinus
At least 130 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Saprinus.
More info about the Genus Saprinus may be found here.
Sardulus
More info about the Genus Sardulus may be found here.
Satrapes
Satrapes was a god in the Palmyrene pantheon, the name occurring in Syrian inscriptions from Palmyra and the Hauran. Pausanias (vi.25, 26) mentions 'Satrapes' as the name of a god who had a statue and a cult in Elis and is identified with Korybas. [more]
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Satrapes.
More info about the Genus Satrapes may be found here.
Spelaeabraeus
At least 4 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Spelaeabraeus.
More info about the Genus Spelaeabraeus may be found here.
Sperchopsis
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Sperchopsis.
More info about the Genus Sperchopsis may be found here.
Sphaerites
Sphaerites is a genus of beetles, the only genus in the family Sphaeritidae, sometimes called the false clown beetles. It is closely related to the clown beetles but with distinct characteristics. There are four known species, widespread in temperate area but not commonly seen. [more]
At least 111 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Sphaerites.
More info about the Genus Sphaerites may be found here.
Sternocoelis
At least 12 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Sternocoelis.
More info about the Genus Sternocoelis may be found here.
Stictostix
More info about the Genus Stictostix may be found here.
Styphrus
More info about the Genus Styphrus may be found here.
Teretriosoma
More info about the Genus Teretriosoma may be found here.
Teretrius
At least 19 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Teretrius.
More info about the Genus Teretrius may be found here.
Therondus
More info about the Genus Therondus may be found here.
Tomogenius
More info about the Genus Tomogenius may be found here.
Tribalus
At least 20 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Tribalus.
More info about the Genus Tribalus may be found here.
Troglosternus
More info about the Genus Troglosternus may be found here.
Tropisternus
At least 35 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Tropisternus.
More info about the Genus Tropisternus may be found here.
Trypeticus
At least 33 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Trypeticus.
More info about the Genus Trypeticus may be found here.
Tryponaeus
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Tryponaeus.
More info about the Genus Tryponaeus may be found here.
Xenonychus
More info about the Genus Xenonychus may be found here.
Xerosaprinus
At least 11 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Xerosaprinus.
More info about the Genus Xerosaprinus may be found here.
Xestipyge
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Xestipyge.
More info about the Genus Xestipyge may be found here.
Zabromorphus
More info about the Genus Zabromorphus may be found here.
References
- Peter W. Kovarik and Michael S. Caterino, "Histeridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2001), vol. 1
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Monday, May 26, 2008.
- The distribution map on this page comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
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