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• Interesting Facts
• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Habitat
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
• Keep Exploring

Overview:

Interesting Facts:

Conservation Status

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby
2. Abutilon avicennae Gaertn.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Malvenfam. 28. 1787

Name verified on 21-Feb-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-Apr-1999

Physical Description

Genus Abutilon:

Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees. Stipules usually caducous; leaf blade usually entire (lobed in A. pictum), palmately veined, base cordate, margin crenate or serrate. Flowers axillary or subterminal, solitary, paired or in small cymes, often aggregated into terminal panicles. Epicalyx absent. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5. Corolla mostly yellow or orange (red in A. roseum), often with dark center, campanulate to wheel-shaped, rarely ± tubular (A. pictum) ; petals 5, basally connate and adnate to filament tube. Anthers many, clustered at filament tube apex. Ovary (5-) 7-20-loculed; ovules 2-9 per carpel; style branches as many as carpels. Fruit a schizocarp, often blackish when mature, subglobose to hemispherical; mericarps (5-) 7-20, eventually dehiscent, apex rounded or acute, sometimes 2-awned, pericarp leathery. Seeds reniform, glabrous or slightly pubescent.

About 200 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics; nine species (three endemic, one introduced) in China.

Several species have become widespread tropical weeds. One species, Abutilon pictum, is widely grown as an ornamental.^[1]

Species Abutilon theophrasti:

Herbs subshrublike, annual, 1-2 m tall. Petiole 3-12 cm, stellate hairy; leaf blade orbicular-cordate, 5-10 cm in diam., both surfaces densely stellate pubescent, base cordate, margin minutely crenate, apex long acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow. Pedicel 1-3 cm, pubescent, articulate near apex. Calyx cup-shaped, densely puberulent, lobes 5, ovate, ca. 6 mm. Corolla uniformly yellow; petals obovate, ca. 1 cm. Filament tube glabrous. Ovary 15-20-loculed, 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent, apex truncate. Capsule semiglobose, ca. 1.2 × 2 cm; mericarps 15-20, stellate pilose, apex 2-awned, awns spreading, 3-5 mm, hairy. Seed reniform, brown, stellate puberulent. Fl. Jul-Aug. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: goldyellow-orange

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

North America

Native: .

Habitat

Disturbed areas, neglected fields, also cultivated. [source]

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Abutilon:

There are approximately 855 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: A. bedfordianum concolor · A. bedfordianum discolor · A. fraseri diplotrichum · A. indicum albescens · A. indicum guineënse · A. indicum indicum · A. silvaticum genuinum · A. sylvaticum buchtienii · A. sylvaticum klugii · A. umbellatum glutinosum · A. suntense · A. 'Alpha Glory' · A. 'Amiti' · A. 'Amsterdam' · A. 'Apollo' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Apricot Belle' · A. 'Apricot' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ashford Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Baby Orange' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Ballerina' · A. 'Bartley Schwartz' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Bella Coral' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Pink' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Select Mix' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bella Vanilla' (Abutilon) · A. 'Bloomsbury Can-can' · A. 'Bloomsbury Rose' · A. 'Boule de Neige' · A. 'Canary Bird Variegated' · A. 'Canary Bird' (Canary Bird Flowering Maple) · A. 'Cannington Carol' · A. 'Cannington David' · A. 'Cannington Peter' · A. 'Cannington Sally' · A. 'Cannington Sonia' · A. 'Cerise Queen' · A. 'Chinese Red' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Clementine' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Cloth of Gold' · A. 'Cynthia Pike' · A. 'Cynthia Price' · A. 'Dame Vanessa' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Dwarf Red' (Dwarf Red Flowering Maple) · A. 'Eric Rose' · A. 'Feuerglocke' · A. 'Fon Vai' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Frances Elizabeth' · A. 'Frieda' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Fruit Punch' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Gingerbomb' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Glenroy Snowdrift' · A. 'Golden Ashford Red' · A. 'Golden Fleece' · A. 'Harvest Moon' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Heather Bennington' · A. 'Helen' · A. 'Henry Makepeace' · A. 'Hinton Seedling' · A. 'Huntington Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Imp' · A. 'Jacqueline Morris' · A. 'Joan Patrica' · A. 'John Thompson' · A. 'Kentish Belle Variegatum' · A. 'Kentish Belle' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Kristen's Pink' (Kristen's Pink Flowering Maple) · A. 'Lara Patrica' · A. 'Lemon Queen' · A. 'Linda Vista Peach' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Lopen Red' · A. 'Louis Marignac' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Luteus' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Magic Lantern' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Marianne' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Marion' · A. 'Marylin's Choice' · A. 'Master Hugh' · A. 'Master Michael' · A. 'Melon Sorbet' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Mobile Pink' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Moonchimes' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Nabob' · A. 'Orange Glow' · A. 'Orange King' · A. 'Orange Vein' · A. 'Oxon Red' · A. 'Pablo's Tangelo' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Patrick Synge' · A. 'Patrick Synge' variegated · A. 'Peach' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Peaches and Cream' · A. 'Pink Lady' · A. 'Raspberry Parfait' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Red Bells' · A. 'Red Goblin' · A. 'Red Gum Drop' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Red Monarch' (Chinese Bell Flower) · A. 'Rosalie' (Flowering Maple) · A. 'Rotterdam' · A. 'Ruffles' (Flowering Maple)

Bibliography

• Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:166–167.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
• Spencer, N. R. 1984. Econ. Bot. 38:407–416.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Wisskirchen, R. and Haeupler, H. (1998a): Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, Stuttgart: Ulmer
• Wisskirchen, R. and Haeupler, H. (1998a): Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, Stuttgart: Ulmer

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Notes

Contributors:

• "Abutilon theophrasti". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 276, 277, 278. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 32 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21674
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741383
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558541-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDMAL020N0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ABTH
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1527

Footnotes:

1. "Abutilon". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 275. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.