Acalypha australis

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 109 meters (358 feet).[1]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Acalypha australis forma glareosa (Rupr.) H. Hara
2. Acalypha australis forma velutina (Honda) Ohwi
3. Acalypha australis var. glareosa (Rupr.) Nakai
4. Acalypha australis var. lanceolata Hayata
5. Acalypha australis var. velutina Honda
6. Acalypha chinensis Roxb.
7. Acalypha gemina Spreng.
8. Acalypha gemina var. genuina Müll. Arg.
9. Acalypha gemina var. lanceolata Hayata
10. Acalypha lanceolata Wall.
11. Acalypha pauciflora Hornem.
12. Acalypha pauciflora var. glareosa Rupr.
13. Acalypha sessilis Poir.
14. Acalypha virgata Thunb.
15. Meterana dimidiata Raf.
16. Ricinocarpus australis (L.) Kuntze

Notes

Publishing author : Griseb. Publication : in Goett. Abh. vi. (1853-55) 126 Publishing author: Poir. Publication: Encyc. vi. 204 Publishing author: Hornem. Publication: Cat. Hort. Hafn. 1; Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 992 (1809). Publishing author: Spreng. Publication: Syst. iii. 880 Publishing author: Roxb. Publication: Fl. Ind. iii. 677 Publishing author: Honda Publication: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 2 1931 [Jan 1931] Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:1004. 1753

Name verified on 19-May-2005 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-May-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Acalypha

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 736 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abingdonii · A. acapulcensis · A. accedens · A. accedens f. brachyandra · A. acrogyna · A. acuminata · A. adenophora · A. adenostachya · A. afrestis · A. agrestis · A. akoensis · A. alchorneoides · A. alexandri · A. alexandrii · A. aliena · A. allenii · A. alnifolia · A. alopecuroidea (Fox-Tail Copper-Leaf) · A. alopecuroidea var. glanduligera · A. alopecuroides · A. amantacea · A. ambigua · A. ambiodonta · A. ambliodonta · A. amblyodonta · A. amboynensis · A. amentacea (Fire Dragon Acalypha) · A. amentacea amentacea · A. amentacea subsp. wilkesiana · A. amentacea var. grandis · A. amentacea var. heterotricha · A. amentacea var. palauensis · A. amentacea var. trukensis · A. amentacea var. velutina · A. amentacea wilkesiana (Wilkes' Acalypha) · A. amphigyne · A. amplexicaulis · A. ampliata · A. amplifolia · A. anadenia · A. andina · A. andringitrensis · A. anemioides · A. angustata · A. angustifolia · A. angustissima · A. annobonae · A. apetiolata · A. apodanthes · A. arborea · A. arciana · A. argomuelleri · A. argomulleri · A. aristata (Field Copperleaf) · A. aronioides · A. arvensis · A. aspericocca · A. asterifolia · A. australis (Australian Acalypha) · A. bakeriana · A. balansae · A. baroni · A. baronii · A. benensis · A. benguelensis · A. berteriana (Berteron Acalypha) · A. berteroana · A. betulaefolia · A. bilbergiana · A. bipartita · A. bisetosa (Streambank Copperleaf) · A. boinensis · A. boiviniana · A. boliviensis · A. bopiana · A. botteriana · A. brachiata · A. brachyclada · A. brachystachya · A. bracteata · A. brasiliensis · A. brasiliensis f. obtusa · A. brevibracteata · A. brevicaulis · A. brevipetiolata · A. brittoni · A. brittonii · A. buchtieni · A. buchtienii · A. buddleifolia · A. bullata · A. burquezii · A. bussei · A. caeciliae · A. californica (California Copperleaf) · A. calyciformis · A. campylostyla · A. capensis · A. caperonioides · A. capillaris

More Info

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Further Reading

• Airy Shaw, H. K. 1980. A partial synopsis of the Euphorbiaceae Platylobeae of Australia (excluding Phyllanthus, Euphorbia and Calycopeplus). Kew Bull. 35:584.
• An introduction to the embryology of angiosperms. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1950. ENG url p. 153.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 409.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. (L Euphorb)
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1300, p. 197, p. 57, p. 641.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 261.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] ENG url p. 217, p. 579.
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). (F JapanOhwi)
• Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Berlin: F. Fedde: 1910-1942. GER url p. 34.
• Sylva Telluriana. Mantis synopt. New genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth, omitted or mistaken by the botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now By C.S. Rafinesque. Being a suppleme Philadelphia, Printed for the author and publisher, 1838. ENG url p. 66.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 14 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Taiwan Biodiversity Data for GBIF
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670762
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-214
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14257111
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:84304-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 1043
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506814
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 84304-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDEUP01100
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ACAU6
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 8583

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 976.070 based on 109 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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