Description
Family Euphorbiaceae
The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Euphorbianae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Euphorbiales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Euphorbiaceae
(
)
- J.f. Gmelin, 1777, Nom. Cons.
- Spurge Family
- Subfamily:
Acalyphoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Acalypheae
(
)
- Subtribe:
Acalyphinae
(
)
- Genus:
Acalypha
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
macrostachya
- Jacq.
- Botanical name: - Acalypha macrostachya Jacq.
- Specific epithet:
macrostachya
- Jacq.
- Genus:
Acalypha
(
- Subtribe:
Acalyphinae
(
- Tribe:
Acalypheae
(
- Subfamily:
Acalyphoideae
(
- Family:
Euphorbiaceae
(
- Order:
Euphorbiales
(
- Superorder:
Euphorbianae
(
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Acalypha amplifolia Rusby
- Acalypha callosa Benth.
- Acalypha cancana Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha caucana Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha caudata Kunth
- Acalypha cucullata Poir.
- Acalypha fertilis Standl. & L. O. Williams
- Acalypha foliosa Rusby
- Acalypha heterodonta Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha heterodonta var. hirsuta Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha heterodonta var. psilocarpa Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha heterodonta var. psiloclada Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha heterodonta var. trichoclada Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha hicksii Riley
- Acalypha hirsutissima Willd.
- Acalypha lehmanniana Pax
- Acalypha macrophylla Kunth
- Acalypha macrostachya forma androgyna Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya forma macrophylla /i> (Kunth) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya forma puberula Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya forma tristis /i> (Poepp.) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. genuina Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. hirsutissima (Willd.) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. macrophylla (Kunth) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. puberula Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. sidifolia (Kunth) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha macrostachya var. tristis (Poepp.) Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha neogranatensis Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha obtusifolia Pax & K. Hoffm.
- Acalypha piperoides Klotzsch Ex Pax & K. Hoffm.
- Acalypha pittieri Pax & K. Hoffm.
- Acalypha seemannii Klotzsch
- Acalypha sidifolia Kunth
- Acalypha tarapotensis Müll. Arg.
- Acalypha tristis Poepp.
- Ricinocarpus callosus (Benth.) Kuntze
- Ricinocarpus cancanus /i> (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze
- Ricinocarpus heterodontus /i> (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze
- Ricinocarpus macrostachyus (Jacq.) Kuntze
- Ricinocarpus neogranatensis /i> (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze
- Ricinocarpus tarapotensis /i> (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze
Notes
Publication : Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. (Poeppig & Endlicher) 3: 22 1845 Publishing author : Kunth Publication: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 95 1817 Publishing author: Klotzsch Publication: in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 102 Publishing author: Pax & K .Hoffm. Publication: Pflanzenr. (Engler) Euphorb.-Croton.-Acalyph. 18 (1924) Publishing author: Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. Publication: Pflanzenr. (Engler) Euphorb.-Croton.-Acalyph. 145 (1924), in syn. Publishing author: Pax & K.Hoffm. Publication: Pflanzenr. (Engler) Euphorb.-Croton.-Acalyph. 147 (1924) Publishing author: Engl. Publication: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. xxvi. 505. Publishing author: Willd. Publication: Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 528 1805 Publishing author: Riley Publication: Bull . Misc. Inform. Kew 1927, 126. Publishing author: Standl. & L.O.Williams Publication: Ceiba i. 146 (1950). Publishing author: Poir. Publication: Encyc. Suppl. iv . 683 Publishing author: H.B. & K. Publication: Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] ii. 95 Publishing author: Pax & K.Hoffm. Publication: Pflanzenr. (Engler) 4, Fam. 147, xvi: 149 1924 Publishing author: Müll.Arg. Publication: in Flora xlvii. (1864) 438 Publishing author: Benth. Publishing author: Müll.Arg. Publication: Fl. Bras. (Martius) 11, pt . 2: 345 1874 Publishing author: Müll.Arg. Basionym author: (Kunth) Publishing author: Muller Arg in Mart. Basionym author: (Kunth) Publishing author: Müll.Arg. Publication: Linnaea 34: 11 1865 Publishing author: Müll.Arg. Publication: Linnaea 34: 12 1865 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Acalypha
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 736 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. abingdonii · A. acapulcensis · A. accedens · A. accedens f. brachyandra · A. acrogyna · A. acuminata · A. adenophora · A. adenostachya · A. afrestis · A. agrestis · A. akoensis · A. alchorneoides · A. alexandri · A. alexandrii · A. aliena · A. allenii · A. alnifolia · A. alopecuroidea (Fox-Tail Copper-Leaf) · A. alopecuroidea var. glanduligera · A. alopecuroides · A. amantacea · A. ambigua · A. ambiodonta · A. ambliodonta · A. amblyodonta · A. amboynensis · A. amentacea (Fire Dragon Acalypha) · A. amentacea amentacea · A. amentacea subsp. wilkesiana · A. amentacea var. grandis · A. amentacea var. heterotricha · A. amentacea var. palauensis · A. amentacea var. trukensis · A. amentacea var. velutina · A. amentacea wilkesiana (Wilkes' Acalypha) · A. amphigyne · A. amplexicaulis · A. ampliata · A. amplifolia · A. anadenia · A. andina · A. andringitrensis · A. anemioides · A. angustata · A. angustifolia · A. angustissima · A. annobonae · A. apetiolata · A. apodanthes · A. arborea · A. arciana · A. argomuelleri · A. argomulleri · A. aristata (Field Copperleaf) · A. aronioides · A. arvensis · A. aspericocca · A. asterifolia · A. australis (Australian Acalypha) · A. bakeriana · A. balansae · A. baroni · A. baronii · A. benensis · A. benguelensis · A. berteriana (Berteron Acalypha) · A. berteroana · A. betulaefolia · A. bilbergiana · A. bipartita · A. bisetosa (Streambank Copperleaf) · A. boinensis · A. boiviniana · A. boliviensis · A. bopiana · A. botteriana · A. brachiata · A. brachyclada · A. brachystachya · A. bracteata · A. brasiliensis · A. brasiliensis f. obtusa · A. brevibracteata · A. brevicaulis · A. brevipetiolata · A. brittoni · A. brittonii · A. buchtieni · A. buchtienii · A. buddleifolia · A. bullata · A. burquezii · A. bussei · A. caeciliae · A. californica (California Copperleaf) · A. calyciformis · A. campylostyla · A. capensis · A. caperonioides · A. capillaris
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A contribution to the flora of Honduras, by T. G. Yuncker. Chicago, 1938. ENG url p. 373.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 40.
- Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 28 1901 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870- ENG url p. 303.
- Ensaio para uma synonimia dos nomes populares das plantas indigenas do Estado de S. Paulo. por Gustavo Edwall. Sô Paulo: Commissô Geogrphica e Geolgica de Sô Paulo, 1906. POR url p. 65.
- Flora Costaricensis / William Burger, editor. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995. ENG url p. 164, p. 166, p. 28, p. 52, p. 53, p. 54.
- Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 600.
- Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1949. ENG url p. 32, p. 38.
- Flora of Peru: Euphorbiaceae, spurge family / J. Francis MacBride. [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1951. ENG url p. 133, p. 142.
- Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. ENG url p. 318.
- Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. ENG url p. 247.
- Lista de las plantas encontradas hasta ahora en Costa Rica y en los territorios limítrofes: extractada de la "Biologia centrali-americana." [San José: Tip. Nacional, 1888] SPA url p. 68.
- The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. ENG url p. 214, p. 215.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed May 28, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
- GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
- , Vascular Plant Herbarium
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3454481
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-838
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14258860
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292829-2
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1362-2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 714152
