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• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Habitat
• Reproduction
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
• Keep Exploring

Overview:

Conservation Status

Population Trend:

Growing

Taxonomy

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Prodr. 5:522. 1836

Name verified on 31-Aug-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 31-Aug-2004

Physical Description

Genus Acanthospermum:

Annuals (sometimes persisting), 10-60(-120) cm. Stems erect to ± prostrate (repeatedly "forked"). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or ± sessile; blades mostly elliptic to deltate, rhombic, or ovate, sometimes lyrate, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually pilosulous to sericeous or scabrellous, sometimes glabrate or glabrescent, usually gland-dotted. Heads radiate, 1(-3) in "forks" of branches (terminal, appearing axillary by sympodial growth). Involucres ± hemispheric, 3-5 mm diam. (becoming ± rotate in fruit). Phyllaries persistent (outer) or falling, 10-13 in 2 series (outer 4-6 herbaceous, inner 5-8 each investing a ray ovary, enlarging in fruit to form a perigynium, shed with enclosed cypsela). Receptacles convex, paleate (paleae cuneate to spatulate, ± conduplicate or flattish, membranous). Ray florets 5-8, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellowish (tubes shorter than to equaling laminae, laminae ovate to elliptic or linear). Disc florets 3-8(-12+), functionally staminate; corollas yellowish, tubes shorter than funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes 5, deltate. Cypselae each enclosed within and shed with an often hardened, ± prickly perigynium (the ultimate "fruits" plumply ellipsoid to fusiform, or ± compressed) ; pappi 0 or rudimentary. x = 11.

Species 6: introduced; mostly tropical to warm-temperate New World; also introduced in Old World.^[1]

Species Acanthospermum hispidum:

Plants 10-60+ cm. Stems erect. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate to obovate, (20-) 40-120(-150+) mm, faces finely pilosulous, gland-dotted. Fruits ± compressed, ± cuneate to obovate, 4-6+ mm, not notably ribbed, terminal spines 2, divergent, 3-4 mm, often 1 ± uncinate, prickles seldom notably uncinate, ± scattered. 2n = 22. Flowering year round, mostly Aug-Oct. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Distribution

Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: .

Habitat

Disturbed, often sandy sites; 0-100+ m^[2].

Reproduction

Duration: Annual, Perennial

Similar Species

Members of the genus Acanthospermum:

There are approximately 22 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: A. australe (Guay Greenstripe) · A. brachyceratum · A. brasilianum · A. brasilicum · A. brasilium · A. brasilum · A. consobrinum · A. donii · A. glabratum · A. hirsutum · A. hispidum (Bristly Starbur) · A. humile (Low Starburr) · A. humile var. normale · A. lecocarpoides · A. leptolobum · A. microcarpum · A. simile · A. spinosum · A. xanthioides (Southern Starburr) · A. xanthioides var. acutifolium · A. xanthioides var. glabratum · A. xanthioides var. obtusifolium

Bibliography

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581. (F St John)
• Blake, S. F. 1921. Revision of the genus Acanthospermum. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 383-392.
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios. (F EntreR)
• Cabrera, A. L., dir. 1977–. Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, Republica Argentina. (F Jujuy)
• Clewell, A. F. 1985. Guide to the vascular plants of the Florida panhandle. (F FlaPan)
• Dubs, B. 1998. Prodromus florae matogrossensis. Botany of Mato Grosso, series B, no. 3. (L Mato Grosso)
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. (F PuertoR)
• McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos - on-line resource. (TROPICOS)
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust)
• Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. (F SE US)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
• Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). (F Nicaragua)
• Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995–. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. (F VenGuay)
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. (F Hawaii)
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999 (L Argent)

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Notes

Contributors:

• "Acanthospermum hispidum". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 37. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 15 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36446
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13748770
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:84609-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST02020
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ACHI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 17912

Footnotes:

1. John L. Strother "Acanthospermum". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 33, 36. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Acanthospermum hispidum". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 37. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.