Overview
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Threatened |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Wallowa Needlegrass
Description
Family Poaceae
Annual
or perennial
herbs, or tall woody bamboos
. Flowering stems (culms
) jointed
, internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath
and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks
, differentiated into sheath, blade
, and an adaxial
erect
appendage
at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base
or infrequently tubular
with partially or completely fused margins
, modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled
and filiform
to ovate
, veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets
(especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line
of hairs
. Inflorescence terminal
or axillary
, an open, contracted
, or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax
to spikelike racemes
arranged along an elongate
central axis, or digitate, paired
, or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles
(specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound
panicle; spikelets
often aggregated into complex
clusters
in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes
) empty, subtending
1 to many florets
; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping
the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle
(awn
), glumes also sometimes awned
. Flowers bisexual
or unisexual
; lodicules (small scales
representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline
or fleshy
; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments
capillary
, anthers
versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free
or united
at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent
to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum
punctate
to linear
.
About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Graminoid
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Liliopsida
()
- Scopoli, 1760
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Poanae
()
- (Small, 1903) Takhtajan, 1997 Ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
- Order:
Poales
()
- Small, 1903
- Family:
Poaceae
()
- (R. Brown) Barnhart, 1895
- Grass Family
- Genus:
Achnatherum
()
- Specific epithet:
wallowaensis
- Maze & K.A. Robson
- Botanical name: - Achnatherum wallowaensis Maze & K.A. Robson
- Specific epithet:
wallowaensis
- Maze & K.A. Robson
- Genus:
Achnatherum
(
- Family:
Poaceae
(
- Order:
Poales
(
- Superorder:
Poanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Achnatherum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 112 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. acutum · A. altum · A. argenteum · A. aridum (Mormon Needlegrass) · A. arnowiae · A. avinoides · A. bloomeri (Bloomer's Ricegrass) · A. botschantzevii · A. brachychaetum (Punagrass Achnatherum Brachychaetum) · A. brachystrichum · A. brachytricha · A. bracteatum · A. brandisii · A. breviaristatum · A. bromoides · A. calamagrostis · A. capense · A. caragana · A. caudatum (Chilean Ricegrass) · A. chinense · A. chingii · A. chingii var. laxum · A. clandestinum (Mexican Ricegrass) · A. confusum · A. conspicuum · A. constrictum · A. contractum (Contracted Ricegrass) · A. coreanum · A. coronatum (Giant Ricegrass) · A. curvifolium (Guadalupe Needlegrass) · A. diegoense (San Diego County Needlegrass) · A. duthiei · A. editorum · A. effusum · A. eminens (Southwestern Needlegrass) · A. extremiorientale · A. hallerii · A. hendersonii (Henderson's Needlegrass) · A. henryi · A. henryi var. acutum · A. hirticulme · A. hookeri · A. hymenoides (Indian Mountain-Ricegrass) · A. inaequiglume · A. inebrians · A. jacquemontii · A. lanceolatum · A. latiglume (Sierra Needlegrass) · A. latiglumis · A. lemmonii (Lemmon's Needlegrass) · A. lemmonii pubescens · A. lemmonii lemmonii · A. lemmonii subsp. pubescens · A. lemmonii var. lemmonii (Lemmon's Needlegrass) · A. lemmonii var. pubescens (Pubescent Lemmon's Needlegrass) · A. lettermanii (Letterman´s Needlegrass) · A. lobatum (Little Awn Needlegrass) · A. longiaristatum · A. miliaceum · A. mongholicum · A. multinode · A. nelsonii · A. nelsonii dorei (Columbia Needlegrass) · A. nelsonii subsp. dorei (Columbia Needlegrass) · A. nelsonii nelsonii · A. nelsonii var. dorei · A. nevadense (Nevada Needlegrass) · A. nevadensis · A. occidentale · A. occidentale californicum (Western Needlegrass) · A. occidentale pubescens (Pubescent Western Needlegrass) · A. occidentale subsp. californicum (California Needlegrass) · A. occidentale occidentale · A. occidentalis · A. ordubadense · A. pappiforme · A. papposum · A. parishii (Parish's Needlegrass) · A. parishii subsp. depauperatum · A. parishii parishii · A. parishii var. depauperatum (Little Parish's Needlegrass) · A. parishii var. parishii (Parish's Needlegrass) · A. parviflorum · A. pekinense · A. pekinense subsp. effusum · A. perplexum (New Mexico Needlegrass) · A. petriei · A. pinetorum (Pine-Forest Needle Grass) · A. psilantherum · A. pubicalyx · A. purpurascens · A. richardsonii (Richardson's Needlegrass) · A. robustum (Sleepy Grass) · A. roshevitzii · A. saposhnikovii · A. scribneri (Scribner's Needlegrass) · A. sibiricum · A. soboliferum · A. speciosum (Desert Needlegrass) · A. splendens
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
- Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
- Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
- Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
- Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2676134
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-564987
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13735499
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:991478-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 564987
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 991478-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA8D010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ACWA4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19315
Footnotes
- Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
