Overview
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Extinct |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Hawai'i Chaff Flower
Description
Genus Achyranthes
Herbs, perennial
or annual
. Stems erect
to ascending
. Leaves opposite, petiolate
; blade
elliptic
, ovate
to orbiculate, or broadly rhombate, margins
entire. Inflorescences terminal
and axillary
, pedunculate
, elongate
, many-flowered, simple
spikes or few-branched panicles; flowers crowded together at tips
, becoming more widely spaced toward base
. Flowers bisexual
, often becoming deflexed
with age; tepals 4 or 5, basally connate
, without ornamentation, coriaceous
, becoming indurate
in fruit, ± glabrous
; filaments
basally connate into short tubes
or cups
; anthers
4-locular; pseudostaminodes 5; ovary obovoid
or turbinate
; ovule 1; style elongate; stigma 1, capitate. Utricles enclosed by and falling with indurate tepals, elliptic or cylindric
, membranous, indehiscent. Seeds 1, inverted
, obovoid or ovoid
, smooth
.
Species 8-12: c and se United
States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, tropical
, subtropical
, and warm-temperate regions of the Old World.
The groups of plants
referred to as Achyranthes and Alternanthera have been subject to considerable nomenclatural
confusion, primarily because P. C.
Standley (1915) designated Achyranthes repens Linnaeus as the lectotype
species of Achyranthes. As a result, species that had been placed in Achyranthes were transferred to Centrostachys Wallich, and species that had been in Alternanthera were transferred to Achyranthes. A. A. Bullock (1957; see also R. Melville 1958) showed that Standley's lectotypification was incorrect and that the type species of Achyranthes is Achyranthes aspera Linnaeus. The generic
concepts of Achyranthes and Alternanthera then returned to those prior to 1915.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Shrub
Habitat
Ecology: A perennial
shrub
of dry shrublands on calcareous sand, atolls
, and on emerged atolls.[2]
List of Habitats
:13.3Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Flowering Plants
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Dicotyledons
- Order:
Caryophyllales
()
- Family:
Calliduloidea
()
- Subfamily:
Amaranthoideae
()
- Tribe:
Amarantheae
()
- Genus:
Achyranthes
()
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 204. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 96. 1754.
- Chaff-flower [Greek achyron, chaff, and anthos, flower]
- Specific epithet:
atollensis
- St. John
- Botanical name: - Achyranthes atollensis St. John
- Specific epithet:
atollensis
- St. John
- Genus:
Achyranthes
(
- Tribe:
Amarantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Amaranthoideae
(
- Family:
Calliduloidea
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Achyranthes
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 216 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. abyssinica · A. acuminata · A. alba · A. albida · A. alopecuroides · A. alternifolia · A. altissima · A. amabilis · A. amaranthoides (Jiang Guo Xian) · A. ancistrophora · A. angustifolia · A. annua · A. aphylla · A. aquatica · A. arborescens · A. argentea · A. aspera (Devil´s Horsewhip) · A. aspera obtusifolia · A. aspera var. argentea · A. aspera var. aspera (Devil's Horsewhip) · A. aspera var. canescens · A. aspera var. indica · A. aspera var. obtusifolia · A. aspera var. porphyristachya · A. aspera var. pubescens (Devil's Horsewhip) · A. aspera var. rubro-fusca · A. aspera var. sicula · A. aspera var. simplex · A. aspera var. velutina · A. atollensis (Hawai'i Chaff Flower) · A. atra · A. atropurpurea · A. australis · A. avicularis · A. axillaris · A. baccata · A. bangii · A. bengalensis · A. benthamii · A. bettzickiana · A. bidentata (Pig's Knee) · A. bidentata f. rubra · A. bidentata var. japonica · A. bidentata var. villosa · A. biemilleri · A. boliviana · A. borbonica · A. brachiata · A. brasiliana · A. breviflora · A. calceolata · A. calea · A. canescens · A. capitata · A. capituliflora · A. carnosa · A. carsonii · A. chacoensis · A. chinensis · A. ciliata · A. conferta · A. cordata · A. cordobensis · A. corymbosa · A. costaricensis · A. coynei · A. crassifolia · A. crispa · A. cyclophylla · A. cylindrica · A. debilis · A. decumbens · A. diandra · A. dichotoma · A. digera · A. dioica · A. echinata · A. echinocephala · A. elegantissima · A. elongata · A. excelsa · A. fasciculata · A. fauriei · A. ferruginea · A. ficoidea · A. filifolia · A. fischeri · A. flavicoma · A. frumentacea · A. frutescens · A. fruticosa · A. fruticosa var. pubescens · A. galapagensis · A. geminata · A. geniculata · A. glauca · A. glaucescens · A. globosa · A. glomerata · A. gracilis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. (Accessed: October 17, 2003).
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished.
- Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663299
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-181936
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 181936
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 58666-1
- IUCN ID: 44074
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAMA01070
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ACAT
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 18479
Footnotes
- Kenneth R. Robertson "Achyranthes". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 406, 435. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
