Actaea arizonica (Arizona Bugbane)

Overview

Threatened

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Arizona Bugbane

Description

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Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 4-6' tall.

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Magnoliopsida () - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
        Subclass: Ranunculidae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Superorder: Ranunculanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Ranunculales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Ranunculaceae () - Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons. - Buttercup Family
        Subfamily: Trollioideae ()
        Tribe: Cimicifugeae ()
        Genus: Actaea () - C. Linnaeus, 1753
        Specific epithet: arizonica - (S. Wats.) J. Compton
        Botanical name: - Actaea arizonica

Notes

Publishing author : J.Compton Publication : Taxon 47: 618 1998 Basionym author: (S.Watson) Basionym: Ranunculaceae Cimicifuga arizonica S.WatsonAn accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Actaea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 171 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acantha (Spinose Rubble Crab) · A. acuminata · A. affinis · A. alba · A. alcocki · A. americana (Mountain Bugbane) · A. amoyensis · A. arguta · A. asplenifolia · A. banareias · A. banarensis · A. bifida · A. bifrons (Areolate Rubble Crab) · A. biternata · A. brachycarpa · A. brachypetala · A. calculosa · A. calzadai · A. capricornensis · A. carcharias · A. caudata · A. cavipes · A. christophoriana · A. cimicifuga · A. cimicifuga var. simplex · A. consobrina · A. cordifolia · A. cordifolia 'Blickfang' · A. dahurica (Fairy Candles) · A. depressa · A. dovii · A. eburnea · A. erythrocarpa · A. erytrocarpa · A. europaea · A. flosculata · A. fossulata · A. frigida · A. glandifera · A. granulata · A. helleri · A. heracleifolia · A. hieroglyphica · A. hirsutissima · A. hystrix · A. japonica compact · A. kashmiriana · A. lata · A. margaritifera · A. matsumurae · A. matsumurae 'Elstead Variety' · A. matsumurae 'Frau Herms' · A. mortenseni · A. nodulosa · A. pachypoda (White Dolls Eyes) · A. pachypoda f. pachypoda · A. pachypoda 'Misty Blue' · A. palmata · A. palmeri · A. parvula · A. peronii · A. peronii occidentalis · A. peronii peronii · A. perspinosa · A. polyacantha · A. pulchella · A. pura · A. purpurea · A. racemosa (Black Snakeroot) · A. racemosa 'Purple Torch' · A. racemosa var. racemosa · A. remota · A. rubra (Western Baneberry) · A. rubra arguta 'Eglecta' · A. rubra dissecta · A. rubra f. rubra · A. rubra neglecta · A. rufopunctata · A. rufopunctata nodosa · A. rufopunctata rufopunctata · A. rupelli · A. ruppelli · A. ruppellii · A. savignii · A. savignyi · A. semblatae · A. setigera · A. simplex (Autumn Snakeroot) · A. simplex Atropurpurea Group · A. simplex 'Mountain Wave' · A. simplex 'Pink Spike' (Autumn Snakeroot) · A. simplex 'Prichard's Giant' · A. simplex 'Scimitar' · A. simplex 'Silver Axe' · A. speciosa · A. spicata (Herb Christopher) · A. spicata nigra · A. spicata var. erythrocarpa · A. spicata var. leucocarpa · A. spinosissima

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 11, 2006.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 16, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 16, 2008:

USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5890796
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15807280
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1002876-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRAN07020
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 167403

Footnotes

Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orb�lia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]