Adiantum concinnum

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Pteridaceae

Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 sp: worldwide.

Considerable disagreement exists concerning the circumscription and proper name of this family . The taxa comprising the Pteridaceae in this treatment were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B . Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of Ceratopteris ) to that espoused by R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982), who applied the name Pteridaceae to the group. Until very recently, the newer name Adiantaceae was more commonly used.

As represented in North America, Pteridaceae comprise three major evolutionary lines (the adiantoids, the pteroids, and the cheilanthoids). Characteristics holding the family together include abaxial (usually submarginal ) sori that lack indusia or are protected by a reflexed or revolute leaf margin , spores that are usually globose-tetrahedral and trilete, and chromosome base numbers of 30 or 29 (rarely 27). The xeric-adapted members of the family (particularly the cheilanthoids) have undergone extensive parallel and convergent evolution, and they have frustrated attempts to produce a natural generic classification based on macromorphologic characteristics alone. Although some workers have aggregated species into a few large genera (e.g. , J. T. Mickel 1979b), most tend to recognize smaller segregate genera based on a combination of morphologic, chromosomal, and biochemical data. The latter approach seems to provide a more useful, evolutionarily informative classification and is the one adopted here. Aspidotis and Notholaena are maintained here as distinct from Cheilanthes, and three recently described genera ( Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma ) have been incorporated into the treatment. The reasons for these changes in generic circumscription are discussed under the individual genera.[1]

Subfamily Coliadinae

Sulphurs are members of the Family Pieridae. In North America, sulphurs range from Mexico to northern Canada. Females of most species are distinctly different from males. Some species are mud-puddlers and will collect around muddy pools on dirt roads. Sulphurs overwinter as larvae.

Genus Adiantum

Plants terrestrial or on rock. Stems short- to long-creeping or suberect, branched; scales deep tawny yellow to dark reddish brown [black], concolored or bicolored , linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, margins entire, erose-ciliate, or minutely dentate . Leaves monomorphic to somewhat dimorphic , densely clustered to closely spaced [distant ], 15--110 cm. Petiole chestnut brown to dark purple or blackish, with single groove adaxially, glabrous , hispid , or strigose , with 1 or 2 vascular bundles . Blade lanceolate, ovate , trowel-shaped, or fan-shaped, 1--4(--9) -pinnate proximally, membranaceous to papery , both surfaces commonly glabrous (2 species with scattered hairs ), adaxially dull or shiny, not striate ; rachis straight or flexuous . Ultimate segments subsessile to short-stalked (stalks terminating in cupulelike swelling at base of pinna in A. tenerum ), round, fan-shaped, rhombic , or oblong , 3--29 mm wide; base truncate to cuneate, free from costa; stalk dark, often lustrous ; fertile segments with marginal lobes recurved to form false indusia. Veins of ultimate segments conspicuous , free, ± dichotomously forking near base and well above segment base [anastomosing in a few tropical species], parallel distally. False indusia light gray-green or brown to dark brown, narrow, 0.6--1 mm wide, marginal, concealing sporangia until sporangia dehisce. Sporangia submarginal, borne along or sometimes also between veins on abaxial surface of false indusium, paraphyses and glands absent. Spores yellow or yellowish brown, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, rugulate to rugose or tuberculate , equatorial ridge absent. x = 29, 30.

Species ca. 150--200: nearly worldwide except at latitudes greater than 60°.

Most diverse in Andean South America, Adiantum is primarily a tropical genus; of the nine species occurring in the flora , A. melanoleucum, A. tenerum, and A. tricholepis are strictly subtropical . Adiantum hispidulum occurs only as an escape from cultivation. The genus is absent from dry areas in the interior of the continent.

Adiantum is a very clearly circumscribed genus of ferns, the character state "sporangia borne on abaxial surface of false indusium" being both necessary and sufficient to define it. Within this large and widespread genus, however, species relationships are mostly unknown. An evolutionary classification of the group is indeed much needed (R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon 1982).[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 5(1):451. 1810

Name verified on 02-Jan-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 16-Aug-2006

Similar Species

Members of the genus Adiantum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 641 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abscissum · A. achilleifolium · A. acinaciforme · A. acrocarpon · A. aculeatum · A. aculeolatum · A. acuminatum · A. adiantoides · A. aemulum · A. aethiopicum (Common Maidenhair Fern) · A. aethiopicum var. nodosa · A. aetiopi · A. affine · A. africanum · A. alarconianum · A. alatum · A. aleuticum (Aleutian Maidenhair-Fern) · A. aleuticum 'Dwarf Ecotype' · A. aleuticum 'Imbricatum' · A. aleuticum 'Japonicum' · A. aleuticum 'Laciniatum' · A. aleuticum 'Miss Sharples' · A. aleuticum 'Serpentine Ecotype' · A. aleuticum subpumilum · A. aleuticum 'Subpumilum' · A. amabile · A. amazonicum · A. amblyopteridium · A. amelianum · A. americanum · A. amoenum · A. amplum · A. anceps (Double Edge Maidenhair) · A. andicola · A. aneitense · A. angustatum · A. angustifolium · A. annamense · A. apalophyllum · A. arcanum · A. arcuatum · A. argutum · A. aristatum · A. asarifolium · A. asperum · A. assimile · A. atroviride · A. aubertii · A. auriculatum · A. australe · A. baenitzii · A. balansae · A. balfourii · A. bausei · A. bellum (Bermuda Maidenhair Fern) · A. bessoniae · A. birkenheadii · A. blumenavense · A. boliviense · A. bonatianum · A. bonii · A. bonplandii · A. borbonicum · A. boreale · A. brasiliense · A. braunii · A. breviserratum · A. caffrorum · A. cajennense · A. cajennense var. stenophyllum · A. calcareum · A. candatum · A. cantoniense · A. capense · A. capillaceum · A. capillaris-veneris · A. capillatum · A. capillis-veneris · A. capillium-veneris · A. capillius-veneris · A. capillus (Common Maidenhair) · A. capillus-junonis · A. capillus-venaris · A. capillus-venensis · A. capillus-veneri · A. capillus-veneris (Southern Maidenhair Fern) · A. capillus-veneris 'Banksianum' · A. capillus-veneris 'Cornubiense' · A. capillus-veneris 'Fimbriatum' · A. capillus-veneris 'Imbricatum' (Imbricatum Southern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) · A. capillus-veneris L. 'Fimbriatum' (Fimbriatum Southern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) · A. capillus-veneris 'Mairisii' · A. capillus-veneris 'Pointonii' · A. capillus-veneris var. fissum · A. capillus-veneris var. trifidum · A. capillus-venerus · A. capillusveneris · A. capillus gorgonis · A. capilus-veneris · A. capitus-junosis

More Info

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Further Reading

• A contribution to the flora of Honduras, by T. G. Yuncker. Chicago, 1938. ENG url p. 301.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 264.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Andover: Intercept. ENG url p. 90.
• Contributions to the flora of Venezuela / Julian A. Steyermark and collaborators. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1957. ENG url p. 1191, p. 750.
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. (F Mesoamer)
• Division, nomenclature & habitat des fougres & lycopodes des Antilles franaises / par le R.-P. Duss. Lons-le-Saunier: Impr. et lithographie L. Duclume, 1903. FRE url p. 63.
• Ensayo sobre las plantas usuales de Costa Rica / por H. Pittier. Washington, D.C.: H.L. & J.B. McQueen, 1908. SPA url p. 86.
• Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Robert G. Stolze; the genus Elaphoglossum by: John T. Mickel; the genus Thelypteris by: Alan R. Smith. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1981. ENG url p. 21, p. 32, p. v.
• Flora of Peru... by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago, 1936- ENG url p. 17.
• Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 659.
• Heredity and evolution in plants, by C. Stuart Gager with 113 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1920. ENG url p. 25.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- ENG url p. 603.
• Hoshizaki, B. J. 1970. Baileya 17:119.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 729.
• Lellinger, D. B. 1989. The ferns and fern-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Chocó (Part 1:Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae). Pteridologia 2A:145.
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
• Mickel, J. T. & A. R. Smith. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88:1-1054. (Ferns Mexico) 28.
• Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos - on-line resource. (TROPICOS)
• Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania, The Society. ENG url p. 27.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 ENG url p. 105, p. 465.
• Proctor, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. A guide to the pteridophytes. (Ferns Jam)
• Proctor, G. R. 1989. Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53:1-389. (Ferns PR VirgI)
• Pteridophyta of Peru. Rolla M. Tryon, Robert G. Stolze. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1989. ENG url p. 53, p. 58, p. 59.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 420, p. 424.
• The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. Philadelphia, Pa.: Charles H. Marot, 1876-1888. ENG url p. 7.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. ENG url p. 323.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. ENG url p. 313, p. 425, p. 467.
• The florist and pomologist. London: "Journal of Horticulture" Office, 1863-1879. ENG url p. 109.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. ENG url p. 61.
• The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation, by F.O. Bower With numerous illustrations. London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1908. ENG url p. 718.
• Tryon, R. M. & R. G. Stolze. 1989. Pteridophyta of Peru. Parts I-. Fieldiana, Botany new ser. (Ferns Peru) 22:58–59.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
• Wochenschrift des Vereines zur Befrderung des Gartenbaues in den Kniglich Preussischen Staaten fr Grtnerei und Pflanzenkunde. Berlin, Wiegandt & Hempel [etc.] GER url p. 106.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, CUBA: Herbario de la Academia de Ciencias, La Habana, Cuba: HAC-Pteridophyta
• GBIF-Spain, CUBA:Herbario del Jardín Botánico Nacional, La Habana, Cuba: HAJB-Pteridophyta
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644530
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17315
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13728429
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17009460-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 404138
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17315
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 315077-2
• MoBot NameID: 26602672
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ADCO
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19622

Footnotes

1. Michael D. Windham "Pteridaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Cathy A. Paris "Adiantum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 662.990 meters (2,175.164 feet), Standard Deviation = 861.530 based on 592 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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