Overview
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Endangered |
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Description
Genus Adiantum
Plants
terrestrial
or on rock. Stems short- to long-creeping or suberect, branched; scales
deep tawny
yellow to dark reddish brown [black], concolored or bicolored
, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, margins
entire, erose-ciliate, or minutely dentate
. Leaves monomorphic
to somewhat dimorphic
, densely clustered to closely spaced [distant
], 15--110 cm. Petiole
chestnut brown to dark purple or blackish, with single groove
adaxially, glabrous
, hispid
, or strigose
, with 1 or 2 vascular bundles
. Blade
lanceolate, ovate
, trowel-shaped, or fan-shaped, 1--4(--9) -pinnate proximally, membranaceous
to papery
, both surfaces commonly glabrous (2 species with scattered
hairs
), adaxially dull or shiny, not striate
; rachis straight or flexuous
. Ultimate
segments subsessile
to short-stalked (stalks
terminating in cupulelike swelling at base
of pinna in A. tenerum ), round, fan-shaped, rhombic
, or oblong
, 3--29 mm wide; base truncate to cuneate, free
from costa; stalk dark, often lustrous
; fertile
segments with marginal
lobes
recurved to form false indusia. Veins of ultimate segments conspicuous
, free, ± dichotomously forking near base and well above segment base [anastomosing in a few tropical
species], parallel distally. False indusia light gray-green or brown to dark brown, narrow, 0.6--1 mm wide, marginal, concealing sporangia until sporangia dehisce. Sporangia submarginal, borne along or sometimes also between veins on abaxial
surface of false indusium, paraphyses and glands
absent. Spores yellow or yellowish brown, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, rugulate to rugose
or tuberculate
, equatorial ridge
absent. x
= 29, 30.
Species ca. 150--200: nearly worldwide except at latitudes
greater than 60°.
Most diverse
in Andean South America, Adiantum is primarily a tropical genus; of the nine species occurring in the flora
, A. melanoleucum, A. tenerum, and A. tricholepis are strictly subtropical
. Adiantum hispidulum occurs only as an escape
from cultivation. The genus is absent from dry areas in the interior of the continent.
Adiantum is a very clearly circumscribed genus of ferns, the character state
"sporangia borne on abaxial surface of false indusium" being both necessary and sufficient to define it. Within this large and widespread genus, however, species relationships are mostly unknown. An evolutionary classification of the group is indeed much needed (R. M.
Tryon and A. F. Tryon 1982).[1]
Habitat
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:1.4Forest - Temperate
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Pteridophytina
()
- (Eichler, 1883) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Pteridophytes
- Infraphylum:
Filices
()
- (Linnaeus, 1753) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Class:
Filicopsida
()
- Order:
Filicales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Adiantaceae
()
- Newman
- Genus:
Adiantum
()
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1094. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed 5, 485. 1754.
- Maidenhair fern [Greek adiantos, unwetted, for the glabrous leaves, which shed raindrops]
- Specific epithet:
fengianum
- Ching
- Botanical name: - Adiantum fengianum Ching
- Specific epithet:
fengianum
- Ching
- Genus:
Adiantum
(
- Family:
Adiantaceae
(
- Order:
Filicales
(
- Class:
Filicopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Filices
(
- Subphylum:
Pteridophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Ching Publication : Bull . Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. ser. 2. 1: 267. 1949. 1949
Similar Species
Members of the genus Adiantum
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 641 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. abscissum · A. achilleifolium · A. acinaciforme · A. acrocarpon · A. aculeatum · A. aculeolatum · A. acuminatum · A. adiantoides · A. aemulum · A. aethiopicum (Common Maidenhair Fern) · A. aethiopicum var. nodosa · A. aetiopi · A. affine · A. africanum · A. alarconianum · A. alatum · A. aleuticum (Aleutian Maidenhair-Fern) · A. aleuticum 'Dwarf Ecotype' · A. aleuticum 'Imbricatum' · A. aleuticum 'Japonicum' · A. aleuticum 'Laciniatum' · A. aleuticum 'Miss Sharples' · A. aleuticum 'Serpentine Ecotype' · A. aleuticum subpumilum · A. aleuticum 'Subpumilum' · A. amabile · A. amazonicum · A. amblyopteridium · A. amelianum · A. americanum · A. amoenum · A. amplum · A. anceps (Double Edge Maidenhair) · A. andicola · A. aneitense · A. angustatum · A. angustifolium · A. annamense · A. apalophyllum · A. arcanum · A. arcuatum · A. argutum · A. aristatum · A. asarifolium · A. asperum · A. assimile · A. atroviride · A. aubertii · A. auriculatum · A. australe · A. baenitzii · A. balansae · A. balfourii · A. bausei · A. bellum (Bermuda Maidenhair Fern) · A. bessoniae · A. birkenheadii · A. blumenavense · A. boliviense · A. bonatianum · A. bonii · A. bonplandii · A. borbonicum · A. boreale · A. brasiliense · A. braunii · A. breviserratum · A. caffrorum · A. cajennense · A. cajennense var. stenophyllum · A. calcareum · A. candatum · A. cantoniense · A. capense · A. capillaceum · A. capillaris-veneris · A. capillatum · A. capillis-veneris · A. capillium-veneris · A. capillius-veneris · A. capillus (Common Maidenhair) · A. capillus-junonis · A. capillus-venaris · A. capillus-venensis · A. capillus-veneri · A. capillus-veneris (Southern Maidenhair Fern) · A. capillus-veneris 'Banksianum' · A. capillus-veneris 'Cornubiense' · A. capillus-veneris 'Fimbriatum' · A. capillus-veneris 'Imbricatum' (Imbricatum Southern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) · A. capillus-veneris L. 'Fimbriatum' (Fimbriatum Southern Maidenhair Fern Adiantum Capillus-Veneris) · A. capillus-veneris 'Mairisii' · A. capillus-veneris 'Pointonii' · A. capillus-veneris var. fissum · A. capillus-veneris var. trifidum · A. capillus-venerus · A. capillusveneris · A. capillus gorgonis · A. capilus-veneris · A. capitus-junosis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Fernald, M. L. 1950b. Adiantum capillus-veneris in the United States. Rhodora 52: 201--208.
- Paris, C. A. 1991. Adiantum viridimontanum, a new maidenhair fern in eastern North America. Rhodora 93: 105--122.
- Paris, C. A. and M. D. Windham. 1988. A biosystematic investigation of the Adiantum pedatum complex in eastern North America. Syst. Bot. 13: 240--255.
- Wagner, W. H. Jr. 1956. A natural hybrid, × Adiantum tracyi C. C. Hall. Madroño 13: 195--205.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- China Plant Specialist Group 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5990188
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17367980-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17367980
- IUCN ID: 46602
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1029494
Footnotes
- Cathy A. Paris "Adiantum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
