Aegilops triuncialis

(Barb Goatgrass, Barb Goatgrass Aegilops Triuncialis, Barbed Goatgrass, Goatgrass)

Overview:

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

For the 283,255 species in the Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons), we average 3.99 observations each in our database; for the Barb Goatgrass Aegilops Triuncialis, we have 69 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Barb Goatgrass Aegilops Triuncialis is the same as the trend in observations of Liliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is yes, changes in observation rate of this species do not significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class.

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
    - Phylum: Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
      - Subphylum: Spermatophytina (auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
        Infraphylum: Angiospermae auct.
        Class: Liliopsida Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
        Subclass: Commelinidae Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Poanae (Small, 1903) Takhtajan, 1997 ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
        Order: Poales Small, 1903
        Family: Poaceae (poh-AY-see-ay) (R. Brown) Barnhart, 1895 - Grass Family
        Subfamily: Pooideae
        Tribe: Triticeae
        Genus: Aegilops (AY-gil-ops) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1050. 1753. - Goatgrass
        Specific epithet: triuncialis L.
        Botanical name: Aegilops triuncialis L.

Unambiguous Synonyms:

Aegilops squarrosa L.
Triticum persicum (Boiss.) Aitch. & Hemsley
Triticum triunciale (L.) Raspail

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:1051. 1753, nom. cons.

Name verified on 20-Nov-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-May-2007

Physical Description

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Family Poaceae:

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos. Flowering stems (culms) jointed, internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks, differentiated into sheath, blade, and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins, modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate, veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, an open, contracted, or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired, or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes) empty, subtending 1 to many florets; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn), glumes also sometimes awned. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary, anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear.

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.^[1]

Genus Aegilops:

Plants annual. Culms usually erect. Leaf sheath split almost to base; auricles cresent-shaped; leaf blade usually flat. Spike cylindric, lanceolate, or ovoid, dense; rachis disarticulating below each spikelet into segments. Spikelets 1 per node, sessile and fitting into rachis, cylindric or turgid, with 2-8 florets; rachilla not jointed, shortly pilose. Glumes rounded abaxially, leathery or cartilaginous, many veined, not keeled, apex truncate or toothed; teeth usually prolonged into longish awns. Lemma oblong or lanceolate, rounded abaxially, leathery-membranous to leathery, 5-7-veined, not keeled, apex usually 1-3-toothed or -awned; callus very short, obtuse. Palea equaling or subequaling lemma, ciliate along keels. Caryopsis free or adherent to lemma and palea, oblong-ovate, furrowed, apex hairy. x = 7.

About 21 species: mainly in the Mediterranean region, extending into N Africa and eastward to C Asia; one species in China.^[2]

Habit: Graminoid

Images:

Aegilops triuncialis Aegilops triuncialis Aegilops triuncialis (barbed goatgrass) Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Misc. Publ. No. 200. Washington, DC. 1950 Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 13968

Distribution

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Range and Population

North America

Native: .

Reproduction

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Duration: Annual

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Aegilops:

Bibliography

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CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. (L Maroc)
Judd, Campbell, Kellog and Donoghue: Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach
Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. and Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
M. W. van Slegeren. 1994. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 94–7:5, 344–374. [recognizes 2 var.].
Meikle, R. D. 1977–1985. Flora of Cyprus. (F Cyprus)
Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. (F Liban)
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq. (F Iraq)
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)
Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).
Wheat Genetic Resources. 57–64.
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina. (F Palest)

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Notes

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Contributors:

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
Bundesamt fÃ¼r Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fÃ¼r PhytodiversitÃ¤t Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
European Environment Agency, EUNIS
GBIF-Spain, DirecciÃ³n General de InvestigaciÃ³n, Desarrollo TecnolÃ³gico e InnovaciÃ³n de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de MÃ¡laga: MGC-CormÃ³fitos
GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
, Vascular Plant Herbarium
GBIF-Spain, Universidad de AlmerÃa, HUAL
GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de BiologÃa de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources
Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
, IPK Genebank
Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W, Herbarium W
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Lund Botanical Museum
US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 182540
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729371
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:384658-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA01040
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TRTR5
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19742

Footnotes:

Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
"Aegilops". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 387, 444. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 12, 2008