Aeschynomene virginica

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Threatened

Common Names

Description

Subfamily Faboideae

Mostly herbs, shrubs , or trees . Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple . Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous ), not showy. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Genus Aeschynomene

Herbs or shrubs . Leaves pinnate, leaflets numerous , entire, exstipellate. Flowers in simple or branched axillary racemes , sometimes terminal . Bracts usually stipuliform , bracteoles appressed to the calyx. Calyx with subequal lobes or 2-lipped. Petals subequal; vexillum shortly clawed, orbicular , wings obliquely obovate or oblong , Keel not beaked . Stamens in 2 bundles of 5 each, anthers uniform . Ovary stipitate , 2 or more ovulate , style incurved , not bearded . Stigma terminal. Fruit stipitate, joints 2 or more, smooth or muricate , indehiscent, 1-seeded parts separable or rarely dehiscent by one suture.

A genus with about 150 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, represented in Pakistan by only 2 species.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,412 meters (0 to 4,633 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Aeschynomene aspera Willd.
2. Aeschynomene hispida Willd.
3. Hedysarum virginicum L.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication : Prelim. cat. 13. 1888

Name verified on 24-Sep-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Mar-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aeschynomene

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 362 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abyssinica · A. acapulcensis · A. acutangula · A. aegyptiaca · A. afraspera (Sola Pith Plant) · A. americana (American Sensitive Plant) · A. americana depila · A. americana var. americana · A. americana var. flabellata · A. americana var. glandulosa · A. americana villosa · A. amorphoides · A. angolense · A. angolensis · A. aphylla · A. apoloana · A. aquatica · A. arborea · A. arenicola · A. aristata · A. aspera (Sola Pith Plant) · A. aspera var. oligarthra · A. aurea · A. batekensis · A. baumii · A. bella · A. belvesii · A. benguellensis · A. biflora · A. bispinosa · A. bonariensis · A. bracteolaris · A. bracteosa · A. bradei · A. brasila · A. brasiliana · A. brasiliana var. brasiliana · A. brasiliana var. carichanica · A. brasiliana var. venezolana · A. brevifolia (Andriambavikelijianjakalanitra) · A. brevipes · A. bullockii · A. burttii · A. burttiie · A. butayei · A. calderoniana · A. campicola · A. cannabina · A. carvalhoi · A. cassioides · A. chiapensis · A. chimanimaniensis · A. ciliata · A. coccinea · A. coluteoides · A. compacta · A. conferta · A. crassicaulis · A. crepita · A. cristata (Hamotsy Fotsy) · A. cristata var. cristata · A. cristata var. pubescens · A. curtisiae · A. deamii · A. debilis · A. decumbens · A. deightonii · A. delicatula · A. densiflora · A. dentata · A. denticulata · A. dewevrei · A. diffusa · A. dimidiata · A. dimidiata bequaertii · A. dimidiata dimidiata · A. dissitiflora · A. divisa · A. djalonensis · A. echinus · A. egena · A. elaphroxylon (Nile Pith Tree) · A. elegans · A. elegans var. elegans · A. elegans var. robustior · A. elisabethvilleana · A. elongata · A. emerus · A. eriocarpa · A. erubescens · A. evenia (Shrubby Jointvetch) · A. evenia var. evenia · A. evenia var. serrulata · A. falcata (Australian Joint-Vetch) · A. falcata f. glabrior (Australian Joint-Vetch) · A. falcata var. falcata (Australian Joint-Vetch) · A. falcata var. hassleri · A. falcata var. minor · A. fascicularis · A. filosa

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• (2001). Report on Aeschynomene virginica from the Hudson River/New York Bight region. American Museum of Natural History. http://sciencebulltins.amnh.org/biobulletin/success/bight8d.html. Accessed: 2002.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 393.
• Baskin, C. C.; Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
• Baskin, J.M.; Tyndall, R. W.; Chaffins, M.; Baskin, C.C. 1998. Effect of salinity on germination and viability of nondormant seeds of the federal threatened species Aeschynomene virginica (Fabaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 125, 3: 246-248.
• Black, B. D.; Padgett, G. B.; Russin, J. S.; Griffin, J. L.; Snow, J. P.; Berggren, G. T. 1996. Potential weed hosts for Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora, causal agent for soybean stem canker. Plant Disease. 80, 7: 763-765.
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous plants of Maryland. (HPl Mary)
• Bruderle, L. P.; Davison, S.E. 1984. Draft Stewardship Abstract- Aeschynomene virginica. Arlington, Virginia: The Nature Conservancy. p.6.
• Carulli, J. P. & D. E. Fairbrothers. 1988. Allozyme variation in three eastern United States species of Aeschynomene (Fabaceae), including the rare A. virginica. Syst. Bot. 13:559–566.
• Carulli, J. P.; Fairbrothers, D. E. 1988. Allozyme Variation in Three Eastern United States Species of Aeschynomene (Fabaceae), Including the Rare A. virginica. Systematic Botany. 13, 4: 559-566.
• Chornesky, E.A.; Palmer, C.M. (1995). California Exotic Pest Plant Council 1995 Symposium Proceedings Use of Biologically Based Methods to Control Pest Plants: Issues Related to Federal Research, Regulation, and Implementation.
• Cisar, C. R.; Thornton, A. B.; TeBeest, D. O. 1996. Isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata) with different host specificities mate on northern jointvetch. Biological Control. 7, 1: 75-83.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 248.
• Fernald, M.L. 1939. Aeschynomene virginica (L.) BSP and A. hispida (A. indica). Rhodora. 41: 466-467.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 152.
• Flora of Guatemala: families Leguminosae, Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Linaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, and Malpighiaceae / by Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1946. ENG url p. 157, p. 163.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 1167.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago, [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1943] ENG url p. 442.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. ENG url p. 113, p. 241.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (Glea Cron)
• Gleason, H.A.; Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx: The New York Botanical Garden.
• Grant, W.M. 1996. Developmental regulation of nodulation in Arachis hypogea and Aeschynomene virginica [sic = A. indica]. Symbiosis. 20: 247-258.
• Isely, D. 1990. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 258p.
• Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). (Leg US)
• Leonard, S.W. 1985. Status report on Aeschynomene virginica in North Carolina. Boston, MA: The Nature Conservancy. p.6. Unpublished report.
• Luo, Y.; TeBeest, D. O. 1997. Infection components of wild-type and mutant strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. aeschynomene on northern jointvetch. Plant Disease. 81, 4: 404-409.
• Luo, Y.; TeBeest, D. O. 1999. Effect of temperature and dew period on infection of northern jointvetch by wild-type and mutant strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. Biological Control. 14, 1: 1-6.
• Murdock, N.; Weakley, A.; Frost, C.C.; Boyer, M.; Leonard, S.W.; Schultz, C. 1995. Sensitive joint-vetch. North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the North Carolina Department of Agriculture. p.4.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 11.
• Perry, J. E. et al. 1998. Aeschynomene indica L. (Fabaceae) in Virginia. Castanea 63:192–193.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
• Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. (F SE US)
• Rouse, G.D. 1994. Sensitive joint-vetch life history and habitat study, 1993 Field Season, Mattaponi and Rappahannock River systems, Virginia. Richmond, VA: Schnabel Environmental Services. p.26.
• Rudd, V. E. 1955. The American species of Aeschynomene. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 32:56.
• Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas. (L Arkansas) [apparently a misidentification].
• Smith, R. J., Jr. 1986. Biological control of northern jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) in rice (Oryza sativa) and soybeans (Glycine max)--a researcher's view. Weed Science. 34 supplement: 17-23.
• Tyndall, R. W. et al. 1996. Aeschynomene virginica (L.) BSP. (Fabaceae) in Maryland. Castanea 61:86–89.
• USFWS. (1990). Endangered and Threatened Species Accounts. [Web page] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species. http://ecos.fws.gov/servlet/TESSSpeciesQuery. Accessed: 2002.
• USFWS. 1992. Determination of threatened status for the sensitive joint-vetch (Aeschynomene virginica). Federal Register. 57, 98: 21569-21574.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List)

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
• Center for Plant Conservation Plant Profile for Aeschynomene virginica. Accessed January 15, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Zarucchi JL, 1993 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Bioversity International: The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER)
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-BAJÍO)
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-XAL)
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (Costa Rica): Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics: Herbarium (UNA)
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3874053
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ILD-8420
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1099147-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 315815
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25359
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 473001-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDFAB04080
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q24J
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AEVI3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19446

Footnotes

1. "Aeschynomene". in Flora of Pakistan Page 338. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 125.860 meters (412.927 feet), Standard Deviation = 364.610 based on 28 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.