Overview
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Extirpated |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Caddo False Foxglove, Caddo Parish False-Foxglove
Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]
Physical Description
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Growth
Culture: Space 12-15" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Genus:
Agalinis
()
- Specific epithet:
caddoensis
- Pennell
- Botanical name: - Agalinis caddoensis
- Specific epithet:
caddoensis
- Pennell
- Genus:
Agalinis
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Aureolaria auriculata (Michx.) Farw.
- Gerardia auriculata Michx.
- Otophylla auriculata (Michx.) Small
- Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Agalinis
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 120 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. acuta (Sandplain False Foxglove) · A. albida · A. angustifolia · A. aphylla (Coastal Plain False-Foxglove) · A. aspera (Rough Purple False-Foxglove) · A. auriculata (Earleaf False Foxglove) · A. bandeirensis · A. bangii · A. besseyana · A. brachyphylla · A. brevifolia · A. caddoensis (Caddo Parish False-Foxglove) · A. calycina (Leoncita False Foxglove) · A. chaparensis · A. communis · A. corymbosa · A. decemloba · A. delicatula · A. densiflora (Osage Plains Foxglove) · A. digitalis · A. divaricata (Pineland False Foxglove) · A. domingensis · A. edwardsiana (Plateau False Foxglove) · A. edwardsiana glabra · A. erecta · A. fasciculata (Fascicled False-Foxglove) · A. fasciculata var. insulomontana · A. fiebrigii · A. filicaulis (Jackson False Foxglove) · A. filifolia (Seminole False Foxglove) · A. gangii · A. gattingeri (Roundstem False Foxglove) · A. genistifolia · A. georgiana · A. glauca · A. grandiflora · A. grandiflora serrata · A. greenei · A. gypsophila · A. harperi · A. heterophylla (Prairie False Foxglove) · A. hispidula · A. holmiana · A. homalantha (San Antonio False Foxglove) · A. humilis · A. itambensis · A. keyensis · A. kingii · A. kingsii · A. laevigata · A. lanceolata · A. laxa (Two Line False Foxglove) · A. linariodes · A. linarioides · A. linarioides rojasii · A. linifolia (Flax-Leaf False-Foxglove) · A. longifolia · A. maritima (Salt-Marsh False-Foxglove) · A. maritima f. candida · A. maritima var. grandiflora (Saltmarsh False Foxglove) · A. maritima var. maritima (Saltmarsh False Foxglove) · A. megalantha · A. meyeniana · A. microphylla · A. nana · A. navasotensis (Navasota False Foxglove) · A. neoscotica (Nova Scotia False-Foxglove) · A. nuttallii (Nuttall's False Foxglove) · A. obtusifolia (Ten-Lobe False-Foxglove) · A. oligophylla (Ridge-Stem False-Foxglove) · A. palustris · A. parvifolia · A. paupercula (Small Flower False Foxglove) · A. paupercula var. borealis (Smallflower False Foxglove) · A. paupercula var. paupercula (Smallflower False Foxglove) · A. pedicularia · A. pedicularia ambigens · A. pedicularia caesariensis · A. peduncularis · A. pennellii · A. perennis · A. pinetorum (Coastal Plain False Foxglove) · A. plukeneti · A. plukenetii (Chattahoochee False Foxglove) · A. pulchella (St. Mark's False Foxglove) · A. purpurea (Large-Purple False-Foxglove) · A. purpurea f. kucyniakii · A. purpurea subsp. parviflora · A. purpurea var. neoscotia · A. ramoissima · A. ramosissima · A. ramossisima · A. ramulifera · A. reflexidens · A. rigida · A. scarlatina · A. schwackeana · A. setacea (Threadleaf False Foxglove) · A. skinneriana (Skinner's False Foxglove) · A. spiciflora
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2663416
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-182270
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729232
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798546-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 182270
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 798546-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR01110
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: GECA13
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 19800
Footnotes
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
