Agalinis navasotensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sida 15:426. 1993

Name verified on 06-Apr-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Agalinis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 120 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acuta (Sandplain False Foxglove) · A. albida · A. angustifolia · A. aphylla (Coastal Plain False-Foxglove) · A. aspera (Rough Purple False-Foxglove) · A. auriculata (Earleaf False Foxglove) · A. bandeirensis · A. bangii · A. besseyana · A. brachyphylla · A. brevifolia · A. caddoensis (Caddo Parish False-Foxglove) · A. calycina (Leoncita False Foxglove) · A. chaparensis · A. communis · A. corymbosa · A. decemloba · A. delicatula · A. densiflora (Osage Plains Foxglove) · A. digitalis · A. divaricata (Pineland False Foxglove) · A. domingensis · A. edwardsiana (Plateau False Foxglove) · A. edwardsiana glabra · A. erecta · A. fasciculata (Fascicled False-Foxglove) · A. fasciculata var. insulomontana · A. fiebrigii · A. filicaulis (Jackson False Foxglove) · A. filifolia (Seminole False Foxglove) · A. gangii · A. gattingeri (Roundstem False Foxglove) · A. genistifolia · A. georgiana · A. glauca · A. grandiflora · A. grandiflora serrata · A. greenei · A. gypsophila · A. harperi · A. heterophylla (Prairie False Foxglove) · A. hispidula · A. holmiana · A. homalantha (San Antonio False Foxglove) · A. humilis · A. itambensis · A. keyensis · A. kingii · A. kingsii · A. laevigata · A. lanceolata · A. laxa (Two Line False Foxglove) · A. linariodes · A. linarioides · A. linarioides rojasii · A. linifolia (Flax-Leaf False-Foxglove) · A. longifolia · A. maritima (Salt-Marsh False-Foxglove) · A. maritima f. candida · A. maritima var. grandiflora (Saltmarsh False Foxglove) · A. maritima var. maritima (Saltmarsh False Foxglove) · A. megalantha · A. meyeniana · A. microphylla · A. nana · A. navasotensis (Navasota False Foxglove) · A. neoscotica (Nova Scotia False-Foxglove) · A. nuttallii (Nuttall's False Foxglove) · A. obtusifolia (Ten-Lobe False-Foxglove) · A. oligophylla (Ridge-Stem False-Foxglove) · A. palustris · A. parvifolia · A. paupercula (Small Flower False Foxglove) · A. paupercula var. borealis (Smallflower False Foxglove) · A. paupercula var. paupercula (Smallflower False Foxglove) · A. pedicularia · A. pedicularia ambigens · A. pedicularia caesariensis · A. peduncularis · A. pennellii · A. perennis · A. pinetorum (Coastal Plain False Foxglove) · A. plukeneti · A. plukenetii (Chattahoochee False Foxglove) · A. pulchella (St. Mark's False Foxglove) · A. purpurea (Large-Purple False-Foxglove) · A. purpurea f. kucyniakii · A. purpurea subsp. parviflora · A. purpurea var. neoscotia · A. ramoissima · A. ramosissima · A. ramossisima · A. ramulifera · A. reflexidens · A. rigida · A. scarlatina · A. schwackeana · A. setacea (Threadleaf False Foxglove) · A. skinneriana (Skinner's False Foxglove) · A. spiciflora

More Info

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Further Reading

• (2002). Rare and Vulnerable Plant Species of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/candhome.html. Accessed: 2002.
• 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
• Artiomow, Hannelore. ongoing 2002. The Influence of Population Size and Density on Pollinator Service in Agalinis skinneriana (Orobanchaceae). [M.S. Thesis]: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Milwaukee, WI.
• Baird, W. V.; Riopel, J. L. 1984. Experimental studies of haustorium initiation and early development in Agalinis purpurea (l.) Raf. (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany. 71: 803-814.
• Brown, M. L.; Brown, R. G. 1984. Herbaceous plants of Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Port City Press, Inc.
• Canne, J.M. 1979. A Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Seed Morphology in Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae) and its Taxonomic Significance. Systematic Botany. 4, 4: 281-296.
• Canne, J.M. 1983. The Taxonomic Significance Of Seedling Morphology In Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. 61, 7: 1868-1874.
• Canne-Hilliker, J. M. & M. L. Dubrule. 1993. A new species of Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae) from Grimes County, Texas. Sida 15:425–440.
• Canne-Hilliker, J.M.; Kampny, C.M. 1991. Taxonomic significance of leaf and stem anatomy of Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae) from the U.S.A. and Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany. 69: 1935-1950.
• Cooperrider, T.S. 1982. Endangered and Threatened Plants of Ohio. Biological Notes. 16: 1-92.
• Correll, D.S.; Johnston, M.C. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Renner: Texas Research Foundation. 1881p.
• Cusick, A.W. 1993. 1993 Status survey fo Skinner's foxglove, Agalinis skinneriana, in Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves. p.11 pp + figures.
• Deam, C.M. 1984. Flora of Indiana. Indianapolis, Indiana: Division Forestry, Department of Conservation. 1236p.
• Fryxell, P.A. 1957. Mode of reproduction of higher plants. Botanical Review. 23, 3: 135-233.
• Gleason, H.A.; Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx: The New York Botanical Garden.
• Hays, J.F. 1995. A Missouri survey for Climbing Milkweed (Matelea baldwyniana (Sweet) Woodson) and Pale Gerardia (Agalinis skinneriana (Wood) Britton). Jefferson City, Missouri: Natural History Division, Missouri Department of Conservation. 14-45-0009-94-1019.
• Herkert, J.; Ebinger, J.E. 2002. Endangered and threatened species of Illinois: Status and distribution. Springfield, IL: Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board. 161p.
• Kercher, S.M.; Sytsma, K.J. 2000. Genetic and morphological variation in populations of the rare prairie annual Agalinis skinneriana (Wood) Britton (Scrophulariaceae). Natural Areas Journal. 20, 2: 166-175.
• Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1986. Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. 507p.
• OHDNR. (2001). Rare Native Ohio Plants: 2000-2001 Status List and Profiles. Ohio Division of Natural Areas and Preserves. http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/dnap/heritage/Rare_Species2000.htm. Accessed: 2002.
• Ostlie, W.R. 1990. Element Stewardship Abstract for Agalinis skinneriana, pale false foxglove. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy. p.11.
• Pepoon, H. S. 1927. An Annotated Flora of the Chicago Region. Chicago, Illinois: The Chicago Academy of Sciences. 554p.
• Riopel, J. L.; Musselman, L. J. 1979. Experimental initiation of haustoria in Agalinis purpurea (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany. 66: 570-575.
• Smith, E.B. 1988. An Atlas and Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas. 489p.
• Steyermark, J.A. 1977. Flora of Missouri. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 1728p.
• Trick, J. 1994. Report on the Status of Pale False Foxglove, Agalinis skinneriana in Wisconsin, 1993. Green Bay, WI: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.6.
• Trick, J. 1995. Report on the 1995 Field Activities Investigating the Status of Pale False Foxglove Agalinis skinneriana in Wisconsin. Green Bay, WI: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.5.
• Vincent, K.A. 1982. Scrophulariaceae of Louisiana. [M.S. thesis]: University of Southwestern Louisiana. Lafayette. 234p.
• WIS. (2002). Wisconsin Vascular Plants--on species, including maps and photos. Wisconsin State Herbarium: University of Wisconsin - Madison (WIS). http://www.botany.wisc.edu/wisflora/. Accessed: 2002.
• Watson, W. C. 1993. Iowa Inventory for Agalinis skinneriana (Wood) Britton, 1993 Final Report. Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa Field Office, The Nature Conservancy. Prepared for Iowa Department of Natural Resources.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• Center for Plant Conservation Plant Profile for Agalinis navasotensis. Accessed January 15, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2671807
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-508045
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:974347-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 444355
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 508045
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 974347-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR01180
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AGNA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 16989

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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