Aletris farinosa

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Threatened

Common Names

Description

Genus Aletris

Herbs, perennial , scapose , rhizomatous . Leaves in dense basal rosettes, clasping erect branches; blade narrowly linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate , linear-elliptic, or elliptic , flat, leathery, distal margins fused to form subulate tips . Scape 2-10 dm. Inflorescences racemose. Flowers each subtended by 2 subulate, unequal bracts, short-pedicellate; perianth white, yellow, or golden orange, cylindrical, campanulate , or obovoid , abaxial surfaces rough; tepals 6, connate basally; stamens 6, included ; filaments adnate to perianth; anthers oblong-lanceolate, longer than filaments; ovary half inferior with proximal portions of perianth adnate at maturity; style 3-branched at apex. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, beaked . Seeds amber, deeply sulcate , ellipsoid to ovoid , 0.5-0.8 mm, lustrous .

Species ca. 25: North America, West Indies (Bahamas), eastern Asia.

Some species of Aletris (e.g. , A. lutea and A. obovata) are quickly eliminated unless habitats are occasionally burned or otherwise kept clear of undergrowth.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Open sites of various habitats , moist bogs , dry to mesic prairies, and dry, upland woods and thickets; 0--2000+ m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,092 meters (0 to 3,583 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:319. 1753

Name verified on 17-Mar-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-Oct-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Aletris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 62 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. alba · A. alpestris · A. arabica · A. arborea · A. aurea (Golden Colic-Root) · A. biondiana · A. brachyphylla · A. bracteata (Bracted Colicroot) · A. capensis · A. capitata · A. chinensis · A. cinerascens · A. cochinchinensis · A. delavayi · A. dielsii · A. farinosa (White-Tubed Colicroot) · A. fauriei · A. foliata · A. foliolosa · A. foliosa · A. formosana · A. fragrans · A. glabra · A. glandulifera · A. gracilipes · A. gracilis · A. guineensis · A. hyacinthoides · A. japonica · A. khasiana · A. lactiflora · A. lanuginosa · A. laxiflora · A. longibracteata · A. lucida · A. lutea (Yellow Colic-Root) · A. luteo-viridis · A. luteoviridis · A. mairei · A. makiyataroi · A. megalantha · A. nana · A. nepalensis · A. obovata (Southern Colicroot) · A. pauciflora · A. pauciflora var. khasiana · A. pedicellata · A. pumila · A. punicea · A. rigida · A. sarmentosa · A. scopulorum · A. sikkimensis · A. spicata · A. stelliflora · A. stenoloba · A. tavelii · A. tottenii (Totten's Colicroot) · A. uvaria · A. × tottenii (Totten's Colicroot) · A. yaanica · A. tottenii (Totten's Colicroot)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. ENG url p. 98.
• A botanical survey of the Sugar Grove region / by Robert F. Griggs. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 313.
• A flora of the northern and middle sections of the United States; or, A systematic arrangement and description of all the plants hitherto discovered in the United States north of Virginia. New-York, Swords, 1824. ENG url p. 344.
• A provisional list of the parasitic fungi of Wisconsin. [Madison, 1914] ENG url p. 907, p. 920.
• An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom: together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the art by J London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1830. ENG url p. 274.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 145, p. 277, p. 679.
• Annales botanices systematicae. Auctore Guilielmo Gerardo Walpers. Lipsiae, Sumtibus F. Hofmeister, 1848-68. LAT url p. 133.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 123.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 222.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. ENG url p. 660, p. 661.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 148, p. 21, p. 245, p. 246, p. 269, p. 294, p. 295, p. 322, p. 325, p. 350.
• Britton, N. L. & A. Brown. 1952. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, ed. 3. (IllF N US Can)
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 120.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, ENG url p. 337, p. 357.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 212.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 156.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Einleitung in das natürliche System der Botanik; oder, Systematische Uebersicht der Organisation, natürlichen Verwandtschaften und geographischen Verbreitung des ganzen Pflanzenreichs, nebst Angabe des Nutzens der wichtigsten Arten in der Heilkunde, Weimar, Verlage des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, 1833. GER url p. 490.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. (Zander ed14)
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks, 1887. ENG url p. 87.
• Flora of Ann Arbor and vicinity. Ann Arbor, [Mich.]: Courier Steam Print. House, 1876. ENG url p. 109.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 85.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. ENG url p. 291.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 324, p. 512, p. 857.
• Flora of Lancaster County; being descriptions of the seed- plants growing naturally in Lancaster County, Pennsylvanial. By John Kunkel Small and Joel Jackson Carter. New York, 1913. ENG url p. 80.
• Flora of New Bedford and the shores of Buzzards Bay, with a procession of the flowers. New Bedford, [Mass.]E. Anthony, 1891. ENG url p. 38, p. 58, p. 69, p. 99.
• Flora of West Virginia, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. Chicago, 1896. ENG url p. 199, p. 199.
• Flora of West Virginia. Charleston, W. Va., M.W. Donnally, 1892. ENG url p. 446.
• Flora of the Indiana dunes, a handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the lake Michigan Coast of Indiana and of the Calumet District, by Donald Culross Peattie. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. ENG url p. 125.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunke New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 1330, p. 286.
• Flora of the southern United States: containing abridged descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. The ferns by Daniel C. Ea New York, Ivison, Phinney, 1865. ENG url p. 470.
• Floral almanac: containing the flowering season of one thousand and seven hundred phaenogamous plants of Florida / by A. Schaffranek. Palatka, Fla.: Palatka News Pub. Co., 1888. ENG url p. 13.
• Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. By Jacob Bigelow Boston, Cummings, Hilliard, & co., 1824. ENG url p. 131.
• Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. ENG url p. 465, p. 508.
• Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 21.
• Handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, containing data relating to the plants within the following radius: eastern Pennsylvania; all of New Jersey except the northern counties; and New Castle County, Delaware, with keys for identification co Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, 1905. ENG url p. 102.
• How to know the wild flowers: a guide to the names, haunts and habits of our common wild flowers / by Mrs William Starr Dana. New York: Scribner's, 1893. ENG url p. 333, p. 88.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
• Irish gardening. [Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922] ENG url p. 116.
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois. (F IllJones)
• Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 179, p. 180.
• Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] ENG url p. 124, p. 171.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] ENG url p. 435.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 236, p. 281, p. 310, p. 314, p. 590, p. 604, p. 73.
• Le Naturaliste canadien. Neufchâtel, QC: Éditions, l'Ardoise [etc.] FRE url p. 175.
• Manuel de l'acclimateur, ou, Choix de plantes recommandées pour l'agriculture, l'industrie et la médecine, et adaptées aux divers climate de l'Europe et des pays tropicaux / par Charles Naudin et le baron Ferd. von Muller. Paris: Société d'aAcclimatation, 1887. FRE url p. 84.
• McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Michigan flora: a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation / prepared by W.J. Beal. [Lansing, Mich.]: State Board of Agriculture: 1904. ENG url p. 61.
• Notes on the flora of Connecticut. by A.W. Driggs. [Hartford]: State Board of Education, 1902. ENG url p. 12.
• Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967–. The vascular flora of Ohio. (F Ohio)
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 443.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 304, p. 479, p. 548, p. 559, p. 698.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 126, p. 17, p. 175, p. 195, p. 38.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 145, p. 146, p. 177, p. 30.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
• Reise durch einige der mittlern und sdlichen Vereinigten Nordamerikanischen Staaten, nach Ost-Florida und den Bahama Inseln unternommen in den jahren 1783 und 1784, von Johann David Schpf Cincinnati, J.U. & C.G. Lloyd, 1911. ENG url p. 16.
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1900-1904. ENG url p. 148, p. 155.
• Report of the flora of Westchester County. Prepared for Bolton's History of the County. [New YorkRoper & Burdge, 1880?] ENG url p. 816.
• Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England. (F NEng)
• Sources of the Ohio flora, by A.D. Selby and J.W.T. Duvel. [Columbus, 1899] ENG url p. 41.
• Strausbaugh, T. D. & E. L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia, ed. 2. (F WVa)
• Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Digessit P. A. Saccardo. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris, 1882-1931. LAT url p. 58.
• Synopsis plantarum; seu, Enumeratio systematica plantarum plerumque adhuc cognitarum cum differentiis specificis et synonymis selectis ad modum Persoonii elaborata, auctore David Dietrich. Vimariae, B. F. Voigtii, 1839-1852. LAT url p. 1109.
• The American botanist: a monthly journal for the plant lover. Binghamton, N.Y.: Willard N. Clute & Co., 1901-1948. ENG url p. 48, p. 95.
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, Published by the authors, 1920. ENG url p. 70, p. 70.
• The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. Philadelphia, Pa.: Charles H. Marot, 1876-1888. ENG url p. 214.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. ENG url p. 426.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 115, p. 57.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 35, p. 42.
• The crane-flies of New York. [Ithaca]1919-1920. ENG url p. 832.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 347.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 347.
• The vegetable kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system / by John Lindley. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1846. ENG url p. 152.
• Transactions of the State Agricultural Society Lansing: The Society, 1850-1856. ENG url p. 399.
• Travels in the Confederation, 1783-1784. From the German. Translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. Philadelphia, W.J. Campbell, 1911. ENG url p. 319.
• Sullivan, V. I. 1973. Biosystematics of Aletris lutea Small, Aletris obovata Nash and natural hybrids. Brittonia 25: 294-303.

Notes

Contributors

• "Aletris farinosa". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 65. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662443
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-294692
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754640
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319064-2
• GRIN Nomen Number: 402441
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42769
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 429533-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL01030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ALFA2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20362

Footnotes

1. Victoria I. Sullivan "Aletris". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 55, 56, 57, 64, 65, 67. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Aletris farinosa". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 65. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 218.800 meters (717.848 feet), Standard Deviation = 225.660 based on 423 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.