Interesting Facts
- This plant can take over when it starts growing in a suitable area.
- The leaves have a garlic-like odor.
- Many plants in the Mustard Family have seed pods that split and throw their seeds.
- This plant can take over when it starts growing in a suitable area.
- The leaves have a garlic-like odor.
- Many plants in the Mustard Family have seed pods that split and throw their seeds.
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Garlic Mustard, Garlic Mustard Plant, Garlic Root, Garlic-Mustard, Garlicwort, Hedge Garlic, Jack By the Hedge, Jack-By-The-Hedge, Jack-In-The-Bush, Mustard Root, Poor Man's Mustard, Sauce-Alone
Description
Genus Alliaria
Herbs annual
or biennial, rarely short-lived perennial
. Trichomes
absent or simple
. Stems erect
, sometimes decumbent
. Basal leaves
long petiolate
, rosulate, simple, crenate
, dentate
, or sinuate
. Cauline leaves petiolate, dentate. Racemes
several flowered, ebracteate
, bracteate
throughout, or only basally bracteate. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, narrower than or as thick as fruit, terete
. Sepals oblong
, erect, glabrous
, base
of lateral
pair not saccate
. Petals white, longer
than sepals; blade
oblanceolate
, apex obtuse
; claw
obscurely differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous
; filaments
not dilated
at base; anthers
ovate
or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent
, subtending
bases of all stamens. Ovules 4-20 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear
or oblong, terete or 4-angled, sessile; valves
with a prominent
midvein
and distinct
marginal
veins, glabrous or scabrous
, torulose
; replum rounded
; septum complete
; style obsolete
or distinct and to 6 mm; stigma capitate. Seeds uniseriate
, wingless, oblong, plump; seed coat
longitudinally striate
, not mucilaginous
when wetted; cotyledons incumbent
.
Two species: one endemic to the Caucasus, the other native
to SW Asia and Europe and naturalized
elsewhere as a cosmopolitan
weed
.[1]
Physical Description
Species Alliaria petiolata
Herbs biennial, with garlicy smell when crushed. Stems erect , (15-) 30-90(-130) cm tall, simple or branched above, glabrous or pilose basally with trichomes to 1.5 mm. Basal leaves rosulate, withered by fruiting; petiole 3-10(-16) cm; leaf blade reniform or cordate, (0.6-) 1.5-5(-7) cm wide, shorter in length , base cordate, margin crenate or dentate , glabrous or pilose. Cauline leaves with much shorter petioles, ovate , cordate, or deltoid, to 15 × 15 cm, base cordate or truncate , margin acutely to obtusely toothed , apex acute. Racemes ebracteate or rarely lowermost flowers bracteate . Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending , (2-) 3-10(-15) mm, nearly as thick as fruit. Sepals oblong , (2-) 2.5-3.5(-4.5) × 0.7-1.5 mm. Petals white, oblanceolate , (2.5-) 4-8(-9) × (1.5-) 2-3(-3.5) mm, attenuate to clawlike base. Filaments 2-3.5(-4.5) mm; anthers oblong, 0.7-1 mm. Fruit linear, (2-) 3-7(-8) cm × 1.2-2.5 mm, subtorulose, quadrangular or subterete, divaricate-ascending; valves glabrous; style (0.2-) 1-2(-3) mm. Seeds brown or black, narrowly oblong, 2-4.5 × 0.7-2 mm, longitudinally striate . Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 36, 42. [source]
Flowers: Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 36-48" tall.
Habitat
Waste places, roadsides, fields , woodlands, river banks. [source]
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,793 meters (0 to 9,163 feet).[2]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 15-18" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Dicotyledons
- Order:
Capparales
()
- Family:
Elateroidea
()
- Subfamily:
Spiraeoideae
()
- Subfamily:
Spiraeoideae
(
- Family:
Elateroidea
(
- Order:
Capparales
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Alliaria alliaria (L.) Britt.
- Alliaria officinalis Andrz. Ex Bieb.
- Erysimum alliaria L.
- Sisymbrium alliaria (L.) Scop.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Bull
. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 3:418. 1913
Name verified on 07-Feb-1990 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Alliaria
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 79 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. aculeolata · A. acuminatissima · A. acutangula · A. albicans · A. alboi · A. alliacea · A. alliaria · A. ammoorodes · A. arborescens · A. auriculata · A. balanseana · A. beddomei · A. brachycarpa · A. caulostachya · A. costulata · A. cuneata · A. cyrtobotrya · A. densiflora · A. euneura · A. flavescens · A. fraseriana · A. fraterna · A. fuchsii · A. gatopensis · A. gaudichaudiana · A. glabra · A. glomerata · A. golodhara · A. grandifolia · A. grandis · A. hiernii · A. klanderi · A. kunthiana · A. lampongum · A. latifolia · A. lenormandiana · A. lessertiana · A. lobbii · A. macrantha · A. macrostachya · A. maingayi · A. malabarica · A. mathioli · A. miqueliana · A. mollis · A. mollissima · A. muelleri · A. multijuga · A. nageliana · A. nernstii · A. nitida · A. nutans · A. officinale · A. officinalis · A. oppositifolia · A. otophora · A. pachypoda · A. pallens · A. pancheri · A. parvifolia · A. petiolata (Garlic Mustard Plant) · A. procera · A. pubescens · A. richii · A. rufa · A. rufescens · A. schulzii · A. sessilis · A. setosa · A. similis · A. spanoghei · A. speciosa · A. teysmannii · A. thyrsoidea · A. trichostyla · A. unijuga · A. vrieseana · A. wasabi (Wasabe) · A. zippeliana
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) Nature Conservancy. Global Invasive Species Initiative. Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Special Note: Weed Alert and Element Stewardship Abstract with excellent set of references
- Alliaria petiolata (Garlic mustard) - Invasive Plant Atlas of New England (IPANE) University of Connecticut. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls
- Alliaria petiolata (herb) - ISSG Global Invasive Species Database World Conservation Union. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Introduction History: Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Alliaria petiolata - Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) USDA. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fire Sciences Laboratory. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls; Special Note: References
- Alliaria petiolata - Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) USDA. ARS. National Genetic Resources Program. Taxonomy; Distribution; Legal Aspects
- Alliaria petiolata Article Citation Search - AGRICOLA Database USDA. National Agricultural Library. Research; Special Note: NAL Catalog Search (resources)
- Alliaria petiolata Discover Life. Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls
- Alliaria petiolata Pulling Together Initiative. Texasinvasives.org. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Special Note: References
- Asiatic herpetological research. Berkeley, Calif.: Asiatic Herpetological Research Society: c1990- ENG url p. 5.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 368.
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
- Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. In J. O. Luken & J. W. Thieret, eds., Assessment and management of plant invasions. (Pl Invasion)
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
- Drayton, B. 2001. A new record for Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae) in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. Rhodora 103:323–325.
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
- Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) - Introduced Species Summary Project Columbia University. Center for Environmental Research and Conservation. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - BioBullies (Western Pennsylvania) Natural Biodiversity. Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States USDA. Forest Service. Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Distribution; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia (PDF | 88 KB) Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Natural Heritage Program; Virginia Native Plant Society. Identification/Description; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Control
- Garlic Mustard - Invasive Exotics (PDF | 32 KB) Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve (Pennsylvania).Identification/Description; Illustrations; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Invasive Plant Species of Alaska (PDF | 63 KB) University of Alaska - Anchorage. Alaska Natural Heritage Program. Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Distribution; Special Note: References
- Garlic Mustard - Invasive Plants of Ohio Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Natural Areas and Preserves. Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Maine Invasive Plants Bulletin no. 2526 University of Maine. Cooperative Extension. Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Missouri Vegetation Management Manual Missouri Department of Conservation.Identification/Description; Illustrations; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests: A Field Guide for Identification and Control USDA. FS. Southern Research Station. Identification/Description; Photographs; Life Cycle; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Ohio Perennial & Biennial Weed Guide Ohio State University. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Life Cycle
- Garlic Mustard - Pest Alert USDA. Forest Service. Northeastern Area. Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Impacts; Life Cycle; Distribution
- Garlic Mustard - Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas (2002) DOI. National Park Service and Fish and Wildlife Service. Identification/Description; Photographs; Distribution; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council. Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle, Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Special Note: References
- Garlic Mustard - Vegetation Management Manual Illinois Nature Preserves Commission.Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls
- Garlic Mustard - Weed of the Week (Aug 1, 2005; PDF | 351 KB) Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; ControlsUSDA. FS. Northeastern Area. Forest Health Protection.
- Garlic Mustard - Wisconsin Botanical Information System Wisconsin State Herbarium and University of Wisconsin - Madison. Taxonomy; Photographs; Distribution
- Garlic Mustard Cornell University. Natural Resources. Ecology and Management of Invasive Plants Program. Taxonomy; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls
- Garlic Mustard Fact Sheet (PDF | 95 KB) University of Pennsylvania. Morris Arboretum. Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls
- Garlic Mustard Invasive.org. Photographs
- Garlic Mustard Michigan State University. Entomology. Identification/Description; Photographs; Illustrations; Distribution; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Controls; Research
- Garlic Mustard Plant Conservation Alliance. Alien Plant Working Group. Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls
- Garlic Mustard State of Washington. King County Department of Natural Resources. Water and Land Resources Division. Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History
- Garlic Mustard Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Identification/Description; Introduction History; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls; Special Note: References
- Garlic Mustard Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Control
- Garlic mustard - Invasive Plants of Natural Habitats in Canada Canadian Wildlife Service.Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Illustrations; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle, Habitat; Distribution; Controls; Special Note: References
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. (L Medit)
- Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (L Nepal)
- In the field: the bulletin of the Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, IL: The Museum, c1990- ENG url p. 17.
- Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972–. Atlas florae europaeae. (Atlas Eur)
- Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- ENG url p. 216, p. 250.
- McCarthy, B. C. & S. L. Hanson. 1998. An assessment of the allelopathic potential of the invasive weed Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Castanea 63:68–73.
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. (F Liban)
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
- Plant Profile for Alliaria petiolata - PLANTS Database USDA. NRCS. National Plant Data Center. Taxonomy; Photographs; Distribution; Legal Aspects
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq. (F Iraq)
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
- Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
- Wisskirchen, R. and Haeupler, H. (1998a): Standardliste der Farn- und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands, Stuttgart: Ulmer
Notes
Contributors
- "Alliaria petiolata". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 171. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 30, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 16, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agricultural Library, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Site. Accessed May 3, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Bioblitz
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664063
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-184481
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729366
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:277279-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 2210
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 184481
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 277279-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBRA01010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SIAL11
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1773
Footnotes
- "Alliaria". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 171. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 109.150 meters (358.104 feet), Standard Deviation = 142.780 based on 13,374 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
