Alopecurus aequalis sonomensis var. sonomensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Common Names

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Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Alopecurus

Annual or perennial . Leaf blades linear , flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a spikelike panicle, densely cylindrical, spikelets numerous , closely packed; pedicels very short, apices cuplike. Spikelets protogynous, strongly laterally compressed , floret 1, falling entire from pedicel; rachilla extension absent; glumes equal, ± equaling and enclosing floret, broadly lanceolate to oblong , membranous to thinly leathery, prominently 3-veined, strongly keeled , keel usually ciliate , infrequently winged , lower margins almost free or connate for up to half their length, apex obtuse , acute or shortly awned ; lemma broadly lanceolate to ovate , usually thinly membranous, keeled, obscurely 5-veined, smooth , glabrous , lower margins often connate, awned from lower back, apex truncate to acute; awn straight when short or geniculate when longer , column smooth, usually twisted at maturity, bristle scabrid ; palea absent or very small. Lodicules absent; ovary glabrous. Caryopsis obliquely obovate in side view ; endosperm sometimes liquid.

Between 40 and 50 species:temperate and cold regions of the N hemisphere, South America; eight species in China.[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: March 15, 2000.

Place of publication : Fl. petrop. 16. 1799

Name verified on 06-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Apr-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Alopecurus

There are approximately 213 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. adanensis · A. aequalis (Short-Awn Meadow-Foxtail) · A. aequalis sonomensis var. sonomensis (Sonoma Alopecurus) · A. aequalis subsp. amurensis · A. aequalis subsp. aristulatus · A. aequalis var. aequalis (Short-Awn Meadow-Foxtail) · A. aequalis var. sonomensis (Sonoma Shortawn Foxtail) · A. affinis · A. agrestis · A. albovii · A. alpestris · A. alpinus (Boreal Alopecurus) · A. alpinus glaucus (Boreal Alopecurus) · A. alpinus alpinus · A. alpinus var. antarcticus · A. alpinus var. ventricosus · A. altaicus · A. altissimus · A. amurensis · A. anatolicus · A. angustifolius · A. antarcticus · A. antarcticus var. bracteatus · A. antarcticus var. lechleri · A. antarticus · A. anthoxanthoides · A. anthoxantoides · A. apiatus · A. aquaticus · A. aristatus · A. aristulatus · A. aristulatus var. natans · A. aristulosus · A. armenus · A. arrudinaceus · A. arundinaceus (Creeping Meadow Foxtail) · A. arundinaceus subsp. armenus · A. arundinaceus subsp. castellanus · A. arundinaceus x · A. arvensis · A. aucheri · A. australis · A. baikalensis · A. baptarrhenius · A. behringianus · A. bengalensis · A. bertolonii · A. bonariensis · A. borealis · A. borealis glaucus · A. borealis borealis · A. borealis subsp. glaucus · A. borii · A. bornmuelleri · A. brachyglossus · A. brachystachus (Foxtail) · A. brachystachyus · A. brachystylus · A. brachytrichus · A. bracteatus · A. brevifolius · A. bulbosus · A. caesius · A. caespitosus · A. californicus · A. candicans · A. capensis · A. capillaris · A. capitatus · A. carolinianus (Tufted Meadow-Foxtail) · A. cassius · A. castellanus · A. caucasicus · A. caudatus · A. caudicans · A. ciliatus · A. coerulescens · A. cornucopiae · A. creticus (Cretan Meadow Foxtail) · A. crypsoides · A. cucullatus · A. dasyanthus · A. davisii · A. diandrus · A. echinatus · A. effusus · A. elatior · A. elongatus · A. exaltatus · A. fallacinus · A. fasciculatus · A. foliosus · A. fulvus · A. geniculata · A. geniculatus (Marsh Meadow-Foxtail) · A. geniculatus aristulatus · A. geniculatus var. fulvus · A. geniculatus var. geniculatus (Water Foxtail) · A. geniculatus var. microstachyus (Water Foxtail) · A. geniculatus var. patagonicus

More Info

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Further Reading

• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (L Peru)
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
• Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. (F Mesoamer)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1927. Grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24:291-556. (Grass EPB)
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. (Grass US)
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
• Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. (L Maroc) [= A. geniculatus subsp. fulvus (Sm.) Trab.].
• Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. (Grass Japan)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)
• Wetter, M. A. et al. WISFLORA: Wisconsin vascular plant species - on-line resource. (F Wisconsin)
• Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en la Republica Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47. (L Grass Argent)
• Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
• Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
• Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
• Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
• Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 28, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 04, 2008)

Identifiers

• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-182515
• GRIN Nomen Number: 2637
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 182515
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA07012
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q01F
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 167304

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Sheng-lian Lu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Alopecurus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 316, 364. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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