Overview
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Endangered |
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Description
Family Verbenaceae
Shrubs
or trees
, sometimes climbing
shrubs, rarely herbs. Indumentum of simple
, stellate
, and/or other complex
hairs
. Leaves opposite or rarely whorled
, without stipules, simple or 3-foliolate, less often palmately [or pinnately] compound
. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, racemose, cymose
, spicate
, or thyrses
. Flowers bisexual
or polygamous by abortion
, zygomorphic or rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx persistent
. Corolla 4- or 5- or more lobed
; lobes
usually spreading
, aestivation
overlapping. Fertile
stamens inserted
on corolla tube
, alternate with lobes; filaments
free
; anthers
dorsifixed
, 1- or 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal
slits or sometimes a circular pore
. Ovary entire or 4-grooved, 2-8-locular; ovules 1 or 2 per locule, erect
or pendulous. Style terminal, simple, entire or 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or indehiscent capsule, sometimes breaking up into nutlets
. Seeds (1 or) 2-4, endosperm usually absent, seed coat
thin; embryo straight, as long as seed; radicle short, inferior.
Some 91 genera and ca.
2000 species: primarily tropical
and subtropical
, 20 genera and 182 species in China.
The classification of Verbenaceae is in a state of flux, especially regarding its relationship
to Lamiaceae. There is evidence to suggest a significant division between members
of subfamily
Verbenoideae, genera 1-5 in this account, and the remaining genera, including genera 6-20, which for convenience are here referred to as subfamily Viticoideae s.l. The latter are more closely allied to each other and to genera traditionally kept within Lamiaceae (including genera 1-8 in this Flora
) . Avicennia is often placed in a family
of its own, but its affinities are clearly with Viticoideae, especially genera 17-19 in this account which have traditionally been placed in a separate subfamily, Symphorematoideae.[1]
Habitat
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:1.5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Lamiales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Verbenaceae
(
)
- Jaume Saint-Hilaire, 1805, Nom. Cons.
- Verbena Family
- Family:
Verbenaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Moldenke Publication : Phytologia 50(5): 308 (1982) 1982
Similar Species
Members of the genus Aloysia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 84 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. aloysioides · A. arcuifolia · A. attenuata · A. ayacuchensis · A. barbata · A. barbata var. acapulcensis · A. beckii · A. boliviensis · A. brasiliensis · A. casadensis · A. castellanosi · A. castellanosii · A. castellanosi var. magna · A. catamarcensis · A. chacoensis · A. chacoensis var. angustifolia · A. chamaedrifolia · A. chamaedryfolia · A. chamaedryoides · A. chiapensis · A. chilensis · A. citriodora · A. citrodora (Lemon Verbena) · A. crenata · A. densispicata · A. dodsoniorum · A. dusenii · A. fiebrigii · A. floribunda · A. foncki · A. fonckii · A. gentryi · A. gracilis · A. gratissima (Common Bee-Brush) · A. gratissima var. angustifolia · A. gratissima var. chacoensis · A. gratissima var. gratissima (Whitebrush) · A. gratissima var. oblanceolata · A. gratissima var. schulziae (Bee Blossum) · A. gratissima var. schulziana · A. gratissima var. sellowii · A. hatschbachii · A. herrerae · A. krapovickasii · A. leptophylla · A. ligustrina · A. looseri · A. lycioides · A. lycioides var. paraguariensis · A. lycioides var. revoluta · A. macrostachya (Rio Grande Beebrush) · A. meyeri · A. minthiosa · A. nahuire · A. oblanceolata · A. ovatifolia · A. peruviana · A. polystachya · A. pulchra · A. reichii · A. reichii var. trilobata · A. salviaefolia · A. salviifolia · A. schulziana · A. scorodonioides · A. scorodonioides var. detonsa · A. scorodonioides var. hypoleuca · A. scorodonioides var. mathewsii · A. scorodonoides var. parvifolia · A. sellowii · A. sleumeri · A. sonorensis · A. spathulata · A. ternifolia · A. ternifolia f. oppositifolia · A. triphylla (Lemon-Scented Verbena) · A. triphylla f. serrulata · A. urticoides · A. uruguayensis · A. virgata (Sweet Almond Bush) · A. virgata var. elliptica · A. virgata var. laxa · A. virgata var. platyphylla · A. wrightii (Wright's Beebrush)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 28, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 17, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- Santiana, J. & Pitman, N. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 17, 2008:
- Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5989719
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15893597
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:9637-2
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 9637-2
- IUCN ID: 46261
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1029207
Footnotes
- Shou-liang Chen & Michael G. Gilbert "Verbenaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
