Common Names
Common Names in English:
Rabbit Bush, Triangle Burr Ragweed, Triangle Bursage, Triangle Leaf Bursage
Description
Tribe Heliantheae
The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.
Genus Ambrosia
Annuals
, perennials
, or shrubs
, 10-400+ cm (usually rhizomatous
). Stems erect
, decumbent
, or prostrate
, branched. Leaves usually cauline; opposite ± throughout or opposite (proximal
) and alternate or mostly alternate; sessile or petiolate
; blades
(or lobes
) deltate, elliptic
, filiform
, lanceolate, linear
, obovate
, ovate
, or rhombic
(and most intermediate shapes
), usually pinnately, sometimes palmately lobed
, ultimate
margins
entire
or toothed
, faces
hairy
or glabrate
, usually gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular
. Heads discoid
(unisexual
, pistillate
proximal to or intermixed with staminates
, staminates usually in racemiform
to spiciform
arrays; rarely, single plants
all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12-30(-80+) in 1-8+ series, outer (1-) 5-8 distinct
or ± connate
, herbaceous, the rest (sometimes interpreted as paleae) ± connate, usually with free
tips
forming tubercles
, spines, or wings (the whole becoming a hard perigynium or "bur") ; florets
1(-5+), corollas 0. Staminate heads: involucres cup-shaped to saucer-shaped
, 1.5-6+ mm diam.; phyllaries 5-16+ in ± 1 series, ± connate; receptacles ± flat or convex
; paleae spatulate to linear, membranous, sometimes villous
, hirtellous, and/or gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular, sometimes none; florets 5-60+; corollas whitish or purplish, ± funnelform
, lobes 5, erect or incurved
; staminal
filaments
connate, anthers
distinct or weakly coherent. Cypselae (black) ± ovoid
or fusiform
, enclosed within globose
to obovoid
, pyramidal
, pyriform
, obconic, or fusiform, hard, smooth
, tuberculate
, spiny
, or winged
"burs"; pappi 0. x = 18.
Species 40+: tropical
to subtropical
and temperate
New World, mostly North America, some established
in Old World.John L. Strother "Ambrosia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 3, 9, 10, 25. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Species Ambrosia deltoidea
Shrubs
, 30-80+ cm. Stems erect
. Leaves mostly
alternate; petioles
5-12+ mm; blades
deltate to lance-deltate, 12-25(-35)
× 5-12(-18) mm, bases
cuneate to truncate
, margins
toothed
,
abaxial
faces
± densely tomentulose
(between veins), adaxial
faces sparsely tomentulose, glabrescent
. Pistillate
heads
clustered, proximal
to staminates
; florets
2-3. Staminate heads:
peduncles
0.5-3(-5) mm; involucres ± cup-shaped, 4-8 mm diam.,
tomentulose; florets 12-30+. Burs: bodies ± fusiform
to globose
, 3-4 mm, usually stipitate-glandular
(little, if at all,
tomentulose), spines 20-30+, scattered
or on distal 1/2, ±
subulate
(the proximal basally flattened), 1-3 mm, tips
usually straight,
sometimes uncinate
. 2n = 36. [source]
Some specimens are intermediate for the char-acteristics that
distinguish Ambrosia deltoidea and A. chenopodiifolia.
The type of A. deltoidea may be better treated as conspecific
with that of A. chenopodiifolia. [source]
Habit: Subshrub , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: February, March, April, May. • Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 18-24" tall.
Habitat
Sandy washes, benches; 200-1000 m
(Ref. 51609).
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 18-24" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Dicotyledons
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
)
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Heliantheae
(
)
- Genus:
Ambrosia
(
)
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 425. 1754.
- Ragweed [Greek ambrosia, "food of the gods," allusion unclear]
- Specific epithet:
deltoidea
- (Torr.) Payne
- Botanical name: - Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne
- Specific epithet:
deltoidea
- (Torr.) Payne
- Genus:
Ambrosia
(
- Tribe:
Heliantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne
- Ambrosia deltoidea Torr.
- Franseria confertiflora (DC.) Rydb.
- Franseria deltoidea Torrey, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 6(2): 15. 1853
- Franseria strigulosa Rydb.
- Gaertneria tenuifolia Harvey & Gray
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: J. Arnold Arbor
. 45:421. 1964
Name verified on 29-Oct-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-Oct-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ambrosia
There are approximately 132 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. abrotanifolia · A. absynthyfolia · A. acanthicarpa (Annual Bursage) · A. acanthocarpa · A. acuminata · A. ambrosioides (Ambrosia Bursage) · A. ambrosioides septentrionale · A. ambrosioides subsp. septentrionale · A. arborescens · A. artemesiifolia · A. artemisiaefolia · A. artemisifolia (Common Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia (Annual Bur-Sage Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) · A. artemisiifolia f. gracilissima · A. artemisiifolia f. villosa · A. artemisiifolia L. var. artemisiifolia L. (Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.) Descourtils · A. artemisiifolia L. var. paniculata (Michx.) Blank. (Annual Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia subsp. diversifolia · A. artemisiifolia var. artemisiifolia · A. artemisiifolia var. elatior (Annual Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia var. jamaicensis · A. artemisiifolia var. octocornis · A. artemisiifolia var. paniculata (Annual Ragweed) · A. artemisiifolia var. quadricornis · A. artemisiifolia var. trinitensis · A. artemisioides · A. artemissifolia · A. artimisiifolia · A. aspera · A. bidentata (Lance-Leaf Ragweed) · A. bipinnatifida · A. bryantii · A. camphorata · A. canescens (Hairy Ragweed) · A. carduacea · A. caudata · A. chamissomis · A. chamissonis (Beach-Bur) · A. chamissonis f. bipinnatisecta · A. chamissonis var. cuneifolia · A. cheiranthifolia (Rio Grande Ragweed) · A. chenopodiifolia (San Diego Ambrosia) · A. chilensis · A. confertiflora (Ragweed) · A. cordifolia (Heartleaf Bursage) · A. coronopifolia · A. crithmifolia · A. deltoidea (Rabbit Bush) · A. dentata · A. divaricata · A. diversifolia · A. dumosa (Burro Bush) · A. elata · A. elatior f. aurea · A. elatior var. artemisiifolia · A. elatior var. elatior · A. elatior var. heterophylla · A. eliator · A. eriocentra (Hollyleaf Bursage) · A. flexuosa · A. fruticosa · A. fruticosa var. canescens · A. fruticosa var. intermedia · A. grayi (Bur Ragweed) · A. helenae (Helen Ragweed) · A. heterophylla · A. hispida (Coastal Ragweed) · A. humilis · A. ilicifolia (Holly-Leaf Bursage) · A. incisa · A. integrifolia · A. intergradiens (Intergrading Ragweed) · A. johnstoniorum · A. lindheimeriana · A. linearis (Linear-Leaf Bursage) · A. longifolia · A. longistylis · A. magdalenae · A. maritima · A. media · A. mexicana · A. microcephala · A. monogyra · A. nivea · A. orobanchifera · A. palustris · A. paniculata f. dissecta · A. paniculata f. litoralis · A. paniculata var. abrotanifolia · A. paniculata var. cumanensis · A. paniculata var. peruviana · A. pannosa · A. parvifolia · A. peruviana (Peruvian Ragweed) · A. pitcheri · A. polystachya · A. psilostachya (Cuman Ragweed) · A. psilostrachya · A. pumila (Dwarf Burr Ragweed)
Bibliography
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
- Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus Ambrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45:421.
- Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. (F Baja)
- Ambrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 401430.
- Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus
- Peterson, K. M. and W. W. Payne. 1973. The genus Hymenoclea (Compositae: Ambrosieae). Brittonia 25: 243256.
- Strother, J. L. and B. G. Baldwin. 2002. Hymenocleas are ambrosias (Compositae). Madroño 49: 143144.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- "Ambrosia deltoidea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 11, 14. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 16, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 16, 2008:
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657931
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-36505
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749036
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:176077-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 103819
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36505
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 176077-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST0C0C0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AMDE4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20779
