Ampelopsis arborea

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Vitaceae

Woody climbers , sometimes vines , rarely small succulent trees , hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious to polygamo-dioecious . Stems unarmed , sometimes with conspicuous lenticels , or bark sometimes shredding (in most species of Vitis) ; branches often swollen at 3-7-lacunar nodes; pith continuous or interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; tendrils simple , bifurcate to trifurcate , or 4-12-branched (in Parthenocissus), usually leaf-opposed, rarely tendrils absent. Raphide sacs present in parenchymatous tissues . Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed , commonly with multicellular , stalked, caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands ; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous. Flowers small, with prophylls, in panicles, corymbs, or rarely spikes, often leaf-opposite, pseudo-terminal , or axillary (in Cayratia and Tetrastigma), actinomorphic , hypogynous, 4- or 5(-7 as in Rhoicissus) -merous. Calyx with 4 or 5(-7) small teeth or lobes or a continuous ring. Petals valvate , 4 or 5(-7), free or basally connate , or distally connate forming a calyptra (e.g. , in Vitis) . Stamens 4 or 5(-7), antepetalous ; anthers introrse , dehiscing longitudinally, tetrasporangiate or rarely bisporangiate . Floral disk intrastaminal , ring-shaped, cupular, or gland-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; placentation axile , appearing nearly basal, apotropous or anatropous , bitegmic, crassinucellar; style simple, connate; stigma discoid or capitate, rarely 4-lobed (Tetrastigma), not papillate . Fruit a berry, 1-4-seeded. Seeds endotestal, with an abaxial chalazal knot and an adaxial raphe with 2 furrows , one on each side; embryo straight, small; endosperm oily, proteinaceous, copious , ruminate .

About 14 genera and ca. 900 species: worldwide, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; eight genera and 146 species (87 endemic, two introduced ) in China.

The family is important for grapes, wine, and raisins (especially Vitis vinifera, and several other species and hybrids of Vitis) . There are a few ornamental climbers in the genera Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, and Tetrastigma, of which Parthenocissus tricuspidata of China and Japan and P. quinquefolia of eastern North America are well-known examples. Some plants (e.g., Ampelopsis japonica, Cissus quadrangularis, and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) are highly regarded medicines.[1]

Genus Ampelopsis

Lianas, woody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious . Tendrils 2- or 3-branched. Leaves simple , 1- or 2-pinnately or palmately compound . Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, leaf-opposed or pseudoterminal, often at tips of tendrils. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx saucer-shaped . Petals 5, free . Disk well developed, margin undulately lobed . Stamens 5. Style conspicuous ; stigma inconspicuously expanded. Berry spherical , 1-4-seeded. Seed obovoid , base rostrate , apex rounded ; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped.

About 30 species: Asia, Central and North America, with most species in E Asia and two species in SW Asia; 17 species (13 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,181 meters (0 to 13,717 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: Low • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low • Minimum pH: 4.0 • Maximum pH: 8.0 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 35 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -13 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 110 • Cold Hardiness: 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Aster carolinianus Walt.
2. Lasallea caroliniana (Walt.) Semple & L. Brouillet
3. Virgulus carolinianus (Walt.) Reveal & Keener
4. Vitis arborea L.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Deut. Dendrol. 400. 1893

Name verified on 06-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ampelopsis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 137 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acerifolia · A. aconitifolia (Monkshood Vine) · A. aconitifolia 'Chinese Lace' · A. aconitifolia dissecta · A. acutidentata · A. aegirophylla · A. africana · A. annamensis · A. arborea (Pepper Vine) · A. bipinnata · A. bodinieri · A. botria · A. brevipedunculata (Porcelain Ampelopsis) · A. brevipedunculata 'Citrulloides' · A. brevipedunculata 'Elegans' · A. brevipedunculata f. citrulloides · A. brevipedunculata f. puberula · A. brevipedunculata var. ciliata · A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii 'Citrulloides' · A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii 'Elegans' · A. brevipedundulata · A. cantoniensis · A. cantoniensis var. lecoides · A. capreolata · A. cardiospermoides · A. celebica · A. chaffanjoni · A. chaffanjonii · A. chondisensis · A. cirrhata · A. citrullifolia · A. citrulloides · A. cordata (Heart-Leaf Ampelopsis) · A. cordifolia · A. delavayana · A. delavayana var. glabra · A. delavayana var. setulosa · A. delavayana var. tomentella · A. denudata · A. dissecta · A. engelmannii · A. gilgilensis · A. glandulosa · A. glandulosa f. citrulloides · A. glandulosa var. brevipedunculata · A. glandulosa var. brevipedunculata 'Tricolor' · A. glandulosa var. glabrifolia · A. glandulosa var. hancei · A. glandulosa var. heterophylla · A. glandulosa var. kulingensis · A. gongshanensis · A. graebneri · A. grossedentata · A. hederacea var. dumetorum · A. henryana · A. heptaphylla · A. heterophylla · A. heterophylla var. brevipedunculata · A. heterophylla var. kulingensis · A. hibschii · A. himalayana · A. hirsuta · A. hoggii · A. humulifolia (Ampelopsis) · A. hypoglauca · A. indica · A. inserta · A. japonica · A. jiangxiensis · A. latifolia · A. leeoide · A. leeoides · A. loureiroi · A. lowii · A. lucida · A. ludwigii · A. macrophylla · A. macrosperma · A. major · A. malvaeformis · A. megalophylla · A. megalophylla var. jiangxiensis · A. mexicana (Mexican Peppervine) · A. micans · A. minima · A. mirabilis · A. mollifolia · A. monasteriensis · A. muralis · A. napiformis · A. orientalis · A. palmiloba · A. pedunculata · A. pinnata · A. pubescens · A. quinquefolia · A. quinquefolia var. angustifolia · A. quinquefolia var. graebneri · A. quinquefolia var. hirsuta · A. quinquefolia var. laciniata

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Further Reading

• A guide and key to the aquatic plants of the Southeastern United States, by Don E. Eyles and Lynne Robertson, Jr. With original drawings by Garnet W. Jex. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1963. ENG url p. 141.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 509, p. 510.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 31, p. 691.
• Annual report / Florida State Geological Survey. Tallahassee, Fla.: Capital Pub. Co., state printer, ENG url p. 125, p. 133, p. 197, p. 205, p. 250, p. 274, p. 284, p. 289, p. 306, p. 317, p. 332, p. 418, p. 90.
• Annual report of the State Horticultural Society of Missouri. Jefferson City, Mo.: The Society, 1894-[1907] ENG url p. 385.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 678.
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody plants of Maryland. (WPl Mary)
• Browne, E. T. & R. Athey. 1992. Vascular plants of Kentucky: an annotated checklist. (L Kentucky)
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 263, p. 285, p. 54.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 411.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 27 1900 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870- ENG url p. 422.
• Bulletin, Gulf Biologic Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration., 1902-1910. ENG url p. 24.
• Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:203.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 226, p. 41.
• Fieldbook of native Illinois shrubs, by Leo R. Tehon Urbana, Natural History Survey Division, 1942. ENG url p. 195, p. 196.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. ENG url p. 110.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 117.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunke New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 758.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. ENG url p. 241.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (Glea Cron)
• Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979–1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, 2 vol. (Aquat SE US)
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois. (F IllJones)
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 490.
• Lombardi, J. A. 2000. Vitaceae: Generos Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, e Cissus. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 80:25. [mentions].
• Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. (F IllMohl)
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 101, p. 611.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 48.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 420, p. 447, p. 482, p. 517, p. 558.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri. (F Missouri)
• Strausbaugh, T. D. & E. L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia, ed. 2. (F WVa)
• The flora of the Gulf Biologic Station. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigration, 1907. ENG url p. 24.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- ENG url p. 104, p. 123.
• Wochenschrift des Vereines zur Befrderung des Gartenbaues in den Kniglich Preussischen Staaten fr Grtnerei und Pflanzenkunde. Berlin, Wiegandt & Hempel [etc.] GER url p. 299.
• Wofford, B. E. & R. Kral. 1993. Checklist of the vascular plants of Tennessee. (L Tenn)
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. (F Florida)
• Li Chaoluan. 1998. Vitaceae (excluding Leea). In: Li Chaoluan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): ii-vii, 1-3, 12-208.
• Li Chaoluan. 1998. Vitaceae (excluding Leea). In: Li Chaoluan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): ii-vii, 1-3, 12-208.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 16, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652170
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-28631
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743866
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:67408-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 317138
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28631
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 67407-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDVIT01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: AMAR5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20054

Footnotes

1. Prof. Zhiduan Chen, Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Vitaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 33, 115, 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Prof. Zhiduan Chen & Jun Wen "Ampelopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 173, 178. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 96.370 meters (316.175 feet), Standard Deviation = 251.750 based on 1,089 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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