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Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

(Porcelain Ampelopsis)

Overview

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Occurs in:disturbed areas, riparian zones, urban areas thways to new locations. Floating vegetation/debris: Evidence exists that water acts as a secondary method of dispersal . For ornamental purposes: A. brevipedunculata was cultivated in North America as an ornamental bedding and screening plant. Landscape/fauna "improvement": A. brevipedunculata was cultivated in North America as an ornamental bedding and screening plant. Nursery trade: A. brevipedunculata was originally cultivated as a bedding and landscape plant. In spite of its aggressiveness in some areas, it is still spread via the horticultural trade.

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Amur Pepper-Vine, Amur Peppervine, Creeper, Porcelain Ampelopsis, Porcelain Berry, Porcelain Berry Vine, Porcelain-Berry, Porcelainberry, Wild Grape

Description

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Family Vitaceae

Woody climbers , sometimes vines , rarely small succulent trees , hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious to polygamo-dioecious . Stems unarmed , sometimes with conspicuous lenticels , or bark sometimes shredding (in most species of Vitis) ; branches often swollen at 3-7-lacunar nodes; pith continuous or interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; tendrils simple , bifurcate to trifurcate , or 4-12-branched (in Parthenocissus), usually leaf-opposed, rarely tendrils absent. Raphide sacs present in parenchymatous tissues . Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed , commonly with multicellular , stalked, caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands ; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous. Flowers small, with prophylls, in panicles, corymbs, or rarely spikes, often leaf-opposite, pseudo-terminal , or axillary (in Cayratia and Tetrastigma), actinomorphic , hypogynous, 4- or 5(-7 as in Rhoicissus) -merous. Calyx with 4 or 5(-7) small teeth or lobes or a continuous ring. Petals valvate , 4 or 5(-7), free or basally connate , or distally connate forming a calyptra (e.g. , in Vitis) . Stamens 4 or 5(-7), antepetalous ; anthers introrse , dehiscing longitudinally, tetrasporangiate or rarely bisporangiate . Floral disk intrastaminal , ring-shaped, cupular, or gland-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; placentation axile , appearing nearly basal, apotropous or anatropous , bitegmic, crassinucellar; style simple, connate; stigma discoid or capitate, rarely 4-lobed (Tetrastigma), not papillate . Fruit a berry, 1-4-seeded. Seeds endotestal, with an abaxial chalazal knot and an adaxial raphe with 2 furrows , one on each side; embryo straight, small; endosperm oily, proteinaceous, copious , ruminate .

About 14 genera and ca. 900 species: worldwide, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; eight genera and 146 species (87 endemic, two introduced ) in China.

The family is important for grapes, wine, and raisins (especially Vitis vinifera, and several other species and hybrids of Vitis) . There are a few ornamental climbers in the genera Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, and Tetrastigma, of which Parthenocissus tricuspidata of China and Japan and P. quinquefolia of eastern North America are well-known examples. Some plants (e.g., Ampelopsis japonica, Cissus quadrangularis, and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) are highly regarded medicines.[1]

Genus Ampelopsis

Lianas, woody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious . Tendrils 2- or 3-branched. Leaves simple , 1- or 2-pinnately or palmately compound . Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, leaf-opposed or pseudoterminal, often at tips of tendrils. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx saucer-shaped . Petals 5, free . Disk well developed, margin undulately lobed . Stamens 5. Style conspicuous ; stigma inconspicuously expanded. Berry spherical , 1-4-seeded. Seed obovoid , base rostrate , apex rounded ; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped.

About 30 species: Asia, Central and North America, with most species in E Asia and two species in SW Asia; 17 species (13 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

Young (2000) notes that A. brevipedunculata grows especially well in moist but not permanently wet soils, such as pond margins , streambanks, thickets, and waste places exposed to full sunlight or partial shade. Like its grape relative, A. brevipedunculata appears less tolerant of heavily shaded areas, such as that found in mature forest . A. brevipedunculata is drought-tolerant. It is adaptable to poor soils of varying pH (OSU 2000).

ID Features: Subglobose, brownish buds. Vigorous, deciduous vine. Blue berry fruit. Tendrils. Lobed leaf with cordate leaf base. Serrated leaf margins.

Habit: A deciduous, climbing , vigorous vine with tendrils .

Flowers: No ornamental value. Green flowers. • Bloom Period: July, August. • Flower Color: Green • Flower Conspicuous: very small clusters

Seeds: Fruit: Metallic, blue berry. 0.25" to 0.33" long. Very showy. Ripens in September.

Foliage: Three-lobed leaves to 6 in. long. • Foliage Shape: Ovate • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Green • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Alternate leaf arrangement . Simple , deciduous leaves. 2.5' to 5" long. Lobed with a cordate leaf base . Serrated . Pubescent petioles . Dark green leaf color. • Fall foliage: No fall color. • Winter foliage: Green

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Fast Growing • Size: To 15 to 20 ft . or more.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: For fruit. To cover fence or trellis. For quick cover. • Liabilities: Japanese Beetles. Rampant. • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feed with a general purpose fertilizer . Provide support such as a trellis or arbor . Prune annually to control size.

Habitat

In North America A. brevipedunculata was originally cultivated as a bedding and landscape plant. In spite of its aggressiveness in some areas, it is still used in the North American horticultural trade. Its variegated foliage is attractive and makes an excellent cover for a trellis, arbour, fence, or rock pile. It is also used to sprawl over an outcropping or wall.

Biome: Young (2000) reports that A. brevipedunculata is a vigorous vine that is slow to establish but grows and spreads quickly in open areas of the urban landscape. After natural or human disturbance , seeds germinate readily in the soil bed . Once

Biology

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Reproduction

A. brevipedunculata reproduces by seed and vegetatively from stem or root segments (RIWPS 2003). Birds and other small mammals disperse seeds, and evidence exists that water acts as a secondary method of dispersal (Young 2000). Each berry has 2 - 4 seeds, which have a high germination rate , aiding the rapid establishment of A. brevipedunculata (Young 2000).

Growth

Culture: Transplants readily. Full sun . Needs support .

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full to partial sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 8 (>90 to 120 days) Low:4 (>14 to 30 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: High:8 (10 to 20 F) Low:4 (-30 to -20 F) (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii (Regel) Rehd.
  2. Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. Var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy.
  3. Ampelopsis Heterophylla Brevipedunculata
  4. Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc.
  5. Cissus brevipedunculata Maxim.
  6. Cissus Humulifolia Brevipedunculata
  7. Cissus humulifolia (Bunge) Regel Var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Regel
  8. Vitis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Dippel

Notes

Publishing author : Blume Publication : Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 194 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8:176. 1883

Name verified on 26-May-1998 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-Oct-2007

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ampelopsis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 137 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. acerifolia · A. aconitifolia (Monkshood Vine) · A. aconitifolia 'Chinese Lace' · A. aconitifolia dissecta · A. acutidentata · A. aegirophylla · A. africana · A. annamensis · A. arborea (Pepper Vine) · A. bipinnata · A. bodinieri · A. botria · A. brevipedunculata (Porcelain Ampelopsis) · A. brevipedunculata 'Citrulloides' · A. brevipedunculata 'Elegans' · A. brevipedunculata f. citrulloides · A. brevipedunculata f. puberula · A. brevipedunculata var. ciliata · A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii 'Citrulloides' · A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii 'Elegans' · A. brevipedundulata · A. cantoniensis · A. cantoniensis var. lecoides · A. capreolata · A. cardiospermoides · A. celebica · A. chaffanjoni · A. chaffanjonii · A. chondisensis · A. cirrhata · A. citrullifolia · A. citrulloides · A. cordata (Heart-Leaf Ampelopsis) · A. cordifolia · A. delavayana · A. delavayana var. glabra · A. delavayana var. setulosa · A. delavayana var. tomentella · A. denudata · A. dissecta · A. engelmannii · A. gilgilensis · A. glandulosa · A. glandulosa f. citrulloides · A. glandulosa var. brevipedunculata · A. glandulosa var. brevipedunculata 'Tricolor' · A. glandulosa var. glabrifolia · A. glandulosa var. hancei · A. glandulosa var. heterophylla · A. glandulosa var. kulingensis · A. gongshanensis · A. graebneri · A. grossedentata · A. hederacea var. dumetorum · A. henryana · A. heptaphylla · A. heterophylla · A. heterophylla var. brevipedunculata · A. heterophylla var. kulingensis · A. hibschii · A. himalayana · A. hirsuta · A. hoggii · A. humulifolia (Ampelopsis) · A. hypoglauca · A. indica · A. inserta · A. japonica · A. jiangxiensis · A. latifolia · A. leeoide · A. leeoides · A. loureiroi · A. lowii · A. lucida · A. ludwigii · A. macrophylla · A. macrosperma · A. major · A. malvaeformis · A. megalophylla · A. megalophylla var. jiangxiensis · A. mexicana (Mexican Peppervine) · A. micans · A. minima · A. mirabilis · A. mollifolia · A. monasteriensis · A. muralis · A. napiformis · A. orientalis · A. palmiloba · A. pedunculata · A. pinnata · A. pubescens · A. quinquefolia · A. quinquefolia var. angustifolia · A. quinquefolia var. graebneri · A. quinquefolia var. hirsuta · A. quinquefolia var. laciniata

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Prof. Zhiduan Chen, Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Vitaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 33, 115, 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Prof. Zhiduan Chen & Jun Wen "Ampelopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 173, 178. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009