Overview
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Critically Endangered |
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Description
Family Bignoniaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, or vines
, climbers
rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled
, simple
or pinnately compound
, rarely palmately compound
, without stipules, climbers usually with tendrils
modified sometimes into hooks or suckers
. Inflorescences cymose
, paniculate
, or racemose, terminal
or axillary
, rarely flowers borne on old stems; bracts and bractlets
present, sometimes deciduous. Flowers bisexual
, zygomorphic, usually large. Calyx campanulate
or tubular
, truncate
, 2-5-dentate, or glandular
subulate-dentate. Corolla campanulate or funnelform
, usually bilabiate; lobes
5, imbricate or valvate
. Fertile
stamens 4 (didynamous
) and staminode 1, or 2 and staminodes 3, rarely all 5 stamens fertile. Disc fleshy
. Ovary superior, 2-locular, rarely 1- or 4-locular; placentation axile
or parietal
; ovules numerous
. Style filiform
; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally or septicidally, rarely fruit fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, usually winged
or with tufts of hairs
at both ends; endosperm absent.
About 116-120 genera and 650-750 species: mostly in tropical
and subtropical
regions; 12 genera and 35 species (21 endemic) in China.
Plants
of the Bignoniaceae usually produce
large flowers, and many species are widely cultivated in China as ornamentals
. These include Arrabidaea magnifica Sprague ex
Steenis, Campsis radicans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelmann, Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau & Schumann, Crescentia alata Kunth, C.
cujete Linnaeus, Jacaranda cuspidifolia Martius, J. mimosifolia D. Don, Kigelia africana (Lamarck) Bentham, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus) A. H. Gentry, Pandorea jasminoides (Linnaeus) Schumann, Parmetiera cerifera Seemann, Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers, Spathodea campanulata Beauvois, Stenolobium stans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacquin) G. Nicholson, T. rosea (Bertoloni) de Candolle, and Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach.[1]
Habitat
Ecology: Lowland evergreen forest between 800 and 900 m. [2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Bignoniaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Trumpet-Creeper Family
- Genus:
Amphitecna
()
- Specific epithet:
spathicalyx
- (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
- Botanical name: - Amphitecna spathicalyx (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
- Specific epithet:
spathicalyx
- (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
- Genus:
Amphitecna
(
- Family:
Bignoniaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : A.H.Gentry Publication : Taxon 25(1): 108 (1976) Basionym author: (A.H.Gentry)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Amphitecna
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 25 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
A. apiculata · A. breedlovei · A. costata · A. donnell-smithii · A. gentryi · A. haberi · A. isthmica · A. kennedyi · A. latifolia (Black Calabash) · A. lundellii · A. macrophylla · A. megalophylla · A. molinae · A. montana · A. nigripes · A. oblanceolata · A. obovata · A. parviflora · A. regalis · A. sessilifolia · A. sessilifolius (Calabacero) · A. silvicola · A. spathicalyx · A. steyermarkii · A. tuxtlensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Gentry, A.H. 1980. Bignoniaceae Part I. (Crescentieae and Tourrettieae).
- Gentry, A.H. 1988. Annotations to list of threatened plants of Latin America.
- Mitre, M.E. 1997. Completed data collection forms for trees of Panama.
- The Nature Conservancy. 1996. Natural Heritage Central Database. (Status and distribution data on Latin American plants, developed in collaboration with Latin American Conservation Data Centers and Missouri Botanical Garden).
- Tao Deding & Yin Wenqing. 1990. Bignoniaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 1-62.
Notes
Contributors
- Mitré, M. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Mitré, M. 1998. Amphitecna spathicalyx. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7140524
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:108230-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 108230-1
- IUCN ID: 30569
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1019414
Footnotes
- Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Bignoniaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 213. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mitré, M. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
