Ananas comosus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

The pineapple is still an important cash crop in Hawaii.

Extirpated

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Bromeliaceae

Herbs or rarely shrubs , epiphytic, lithophytic, or terrestrial . Leaves spirally arranged , usually rosulate, sessile, simple , veins parallel, base dilated , sheathing , margin often spinose serrate or sometimes entire. Inflorescence terminal or lateral , scapose or sessile, a panicle, raceme , spike, or head , sometimes reduced to solitary, pseudolateral flowers; bracts usually brightly colored and conspicuous . Flowers bisexual or sometimes functionally unisexual , 3-merous. Sepals and petals each 3, distinct , free or basally connate ; petals often brightly colored, basal margin with a pair of scalelike appendages . Stamens 6, in 2 whorls of 3; filaments free, connate, or collectively or individually adnate to petals; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Gynoecium of 3 carpels united to form a compound , 3-loculed, superior or very often partly or wholly inferior ovary ; ovules few to usually ± numerous in each locule; placentation axile . Style terminal and often 3-parted; stigmas papillose . Fruit a berry or less often a septicidal capsule, or seldom compound and fleshy . Seeds usually winged or plumose ; endosperm mealy ; embryo small to fairly large.

About 50 genera and 2000--2600 species: mainly tropical America, except for Pitcairnia feliciana (A. Chevalier) Harms & Mildbraed in tropical W Africa; one species (introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Ananas

Herbs perennial , erect , simple . Leaves in a dense rosette; leaf sheath scarcely enlarged; leaf blade spinose serrate at margin . Inflorescence erect, scapose , strobiliform, apex with a tuft of sterile , leafy bracts. Flowers bisexual . Petals each bearing 2 funnelform , slender scales . Ovaries inferior, coalescing and with bracts and rachis forming a compound , fleshy fruit (syncarp) .

Eight species: South America.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Cultivated[3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,028 meters (0 to 9,934 feet).[4]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Ananas ananas (L.) Voss
2. B. ananas Linnaeus.
3. Bromelia ananas Linnaeus
4. Bromelia comosa Linnaeus, Herb. Amb. 21. 1754

Notes

Publishing author : Karst. Publication : Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 964 1895 Basionym author: (L.) Publishing author: L. Publication: Sp. Pl. 285 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Interpr. Herb. amboin. 133. 1917

Name verified on 29-Aug-1986 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-Oct-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ananas

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 69 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. ananas · A. ananasoides · A. ananassoides (Cerrado Pineapple) · A. ananassoides var. nanus · A. ananssoides · A. arvensis · A. bracteatus (Wild Pineapple) · A. bracteatus 'Striatus' · A. bracteatus var. rudis · A. bracteatus var. striatus (Striped Red Pineapple) · A. bracteatus var. tricolor · A. bracteatus var. typicus · A. bracteatus 'Variegata' (Variegated Wild Pineapple) · A. 'Carmina' · A. comosa · A. comosus (Pineapple) · A. comosus (L.) Merr. 'Aureovariegatus' · A. comosus (L.) Merr. 'Cayenne' · A. comosus 'Champaka' (Pineapple) · A. comosus 'Elite Gold' (Pineapple) · A. comosus 'Flhoran41' · A. comosus 'Ivory Coast' · A. comosus 'Kona Sugarloaf' · A. comosus 'Macgregor' (Pineapple) · A. comosus 'Manorama' · A. comosus 'Queen' · A. comosus (L.) Merr. 'Rote Trujillo' · A. comosus 'Smooth Cayenne' · A. comosus var. ananassoides · A. comosus var. bracteatus · A. comosus var. erectifolius · A. comosus var. variegatus (Ivory Pineapple) · A. comosus 'Variegatus' · A. comosus 'Victoria' · A. debilis · A. erectifolius · A. fritzmuelleri · A. 'Geliana' · A. genesio-linesii · A. glaber · A. guaraniticus · A. hybrid · A. 'Luciana' · A. lucidus (Wild Ananas) · A. macrodontes · A. magdalenae · A. microcarpus · A. microcephalus · A. microstachys · A. monstrosus · A. mordilona · A. muricatus · A. nanas · A. nanus (Dwarf Pineapple) · A. ovatus · A. pancheanus · A. paraguazensis · A. parguazensis · A. pinguin · A. porteanus · A. proliferus · A. pyramidalis · A. sagenaria · A. sativus · A. semiserratus · A. serotinus · A. silvestris · A. strictus · A. viridis

More Info

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Further Reading

• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
• Angely, J. A. 1965. Flora analitica do Parana. (L Parana)
• Angely, J. A. 1970–. Flora analítica e fitográfica do Estado de São Paulo. (F Anal Sao Paulo)
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 354, p. 542.
• Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 16 1953-1954 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- ENG url p. 122.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 123.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. ENG url p. 389.
• Carotenoids, their comparative biochemistry. New York, Chemical Pub. Co., 1954. ENG url p. 302.
• Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. (F Bahamas)
• Descriptive catalogue of the Formosan fungi / by Kaneyoshi Sawoda. Taihoku, Formosa: Agricultural Experiment Station, 1919- ENG url p. 126, p. 134, p. 194, p. 197, p. 248, p. 45.
• Dodson, C. H. & A. H. Gentry. 1978. Flora of the Rio Palenque science center. (F RPalenq)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 149.
• Flora of Guatemala / by Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago: Chicago Museum of Natural History, 1958. ENG url p. 387, p. 388.
• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1936] ENG url p. 592.
• Fournet, J. 1978. Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. (F GuadMart)
• Gooding, E. G. et al. 1965. Flora of Barbados. (F Barbados)
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
• Introduction to plant geography and some related sciences. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960. ENG url p. 235, p. 620.
• Lasser, T., ed. 1964–. Flora de Venezuela. (F Venez)
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. (Ency CNatIn)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
• Magness, J. R. et al. 1971. Food and feed crops of the United States. IR Bull. 1. (Crops US)
• Maguire, B. et al. 1953–. The botany of the Guayana highland. (F GuayanHigh)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Merrill, E. D. 1922–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. (F Philipp)
• Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 713.
• Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed. (F Fiji)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Pulle, A. A. et al., eds. 1932–. Flora of Suriname. (F Suriname)
• Radiation biology, edited by Alexander Hollaender with the cooperation of Austin M. Brues [and others]. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1954-56. ENG url p. 503, p. 504.
• Rauh, W. 1981. Bromelien. 327.
• Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. (CultTropS)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Reitz, R., ed. 1965–. Flora ilustrada catarinense. (F SCatarin)
• Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova. (F Viti)
• Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs. 1979. Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 14(3):2061–63.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 144, p. 442.
• St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. (L Hawaii)
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
• Standley, P. C. 1937–1939. Flora of Costa Rica. (F CRStand)
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. ENG url p. 90.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. ENG url p. 558.
• The organic constituents of higher plants: their chemistry and interrelationships. With contributions by Ernest Sondheimer. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1963] ENG url p. 278.
• The physiology of flowering. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston[1962] ENG url p. 107, p. 90.
• Tropical and subtropical fruits / by B. E. Dahlgren, Curator Emeritus, Dept. of Botany, Drawings by Albert Frey. [Chicago]:Chicago Natural History Museum, 1947. ENG url p. 31, p. 71.
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)

Notes

Contributors

• "Ananas comosus". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 18. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 16, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 15 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662122
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-219669
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754392
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:121899-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 3074
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42335
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 114442-3
• MoBot NameID: 4300877
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMBRO02010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BRCO11
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20982

Footnotes

1. Wei-liang Ma & Bruce Bartholomew "Bromeliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 18. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Wei-liang Ma & Bruce Bartholomew "Ananas". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 18. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Ananas comosus". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 18. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 903.120 meters (2,962.992 feet), Standard Deviation = 655.910 based on 59 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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