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Anredera cordifolia

(Madeira Vine Anredera Cordifolia)

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Afrikaans:

Madeiraranker

Common Names in Chinese:

Luo Kui Shu

Common Names in English:

'uala Hupe, Anredera, Bridal Wreath, Filikafa, Gulf Madeiravine, Heart-Leaf Madeira-Vine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Lamb's Tails, Madeira Vine, Madeira Vine Anredera Cordifolia, Madeira-Vine, Mignonette Vine, Mignonette Vine, Tapau

Common Names in Spanish:

Enredadera Del Mosquito, Parra De Madeira

Common Names in Swedish:

Madeiraranka

Description

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Family Basellaceae

Vines herbaceous or herbs twining , usually fleshy , glabrous . Leaves simple , alternate, usually petiolate , margin entire. Inflorescences of spikes, racemes , or panicles; bracts 3, caducous ; bracteoles 2, persistent . Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , small. Perianth segments 5, white or reddish, distinct or connate at base , imbricate in bud, persistent in fruit. Stamens 5, opposite to petals; filaments inserted on perianth. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovule 1, basal, campylotropous. Pistil united from 3 carpels. Style simple with 3 stigmas or 3 free styles. Fruit a utricle, dry or fleshy, often surrounded by persistent bracteoles and perianth. Seed globular; testa membranous; endosperm copious ; embryo spirally twisted or semicircular to horseshoe-shaped.

Four genera and 25 species: tropics and subtropics, mostly in the Americas; two genera (introduced ) and three species in China.[1]

Genus Anredera

Roots fibrous or tuberous-thickened, fleshy . Stems herbaceous, not ridged , to 3 cm diam.; epidermis scaly and exfoliating with age; aerial tubers axillary , basal, or absent. Leaves petiolate to subsessile ; blade orbicular to elliptic , ovate , or cordate, base cuneate to truncate or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse . Inflorescences indeterminate, axillary or terminal , racemose or clusters of racemes ; bracts persistent or deciduous, connate or distinct , membranous to succulent. Flowers bisexual or functionally unisexual , fragrant, pedicellate ; sepals distinct or basally connate, adaxially rounded to keeled , elliptic to ovate or obovate , basally adnate to petals, apex acute or obtuse; petals 5, distinct ± to base, erect to spreading or reflexed at anthesis ; stamens opposite petals; filaments recurved in bud, flattened and proximally dilated ; anthers versatile, dehiscence longitudinal ; pollen pantoporate , spheric; pistils globose to ovoid ; stigmas clavate to capitate or 2-lobed. Utricles partly to completely enclosed in persistent, dry perianth, wing or not. Seeds erect, laterally flattened to nearly globose. x = 12.

Species 12: North America, West Indies, Central America, South America; introduced in Eurasia , Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia.[2]

Physical Description

Species Anredera cordifolia

Stems twining to 5 m , often producing single or clustered axillary tubers. Leaves: petiole 6-12 mm; blade ovate to orbicular , 2-10 × 1-7 cm, base of larger leaf blades proximal to inflorescences cordate, base of small distal leaf blades tapering, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences racemes or in branched panicles of racemes, 10-35(-60) cm; single bract subtending each pedicel triangular-lanceolate, 1-2 × 0.3-0.4 mm; paired bracts subtending each flower persistent , triangular to obtuse, 0.6-1 × 0.5-0.6 mm, basally connate into cup . Flowers bisexual , usually functionally staminate ; sepals basally adnate to petals, cream-white, not winged in fruit, ovate to elliptic , 1.2-2.3 × 1.1-2 mm, apex obtuse; petals basally connate, cream-white, ovate to elliptic, 2.1-3 × 1.4-2 mm, apex obtuse, spreading at anthesis ; stamens fleshy ; filaments basally connate and dilated , 1.9-3.5 mm; anthers early deciduous, 0.7-0.9 mm; pistils 0.4-0.6 mm; styles 1-1.5 mm, basally connate for 1/2-2/3 their length ; stigmas clavate to capitate; pedicel 1-3 mm. Utricles rarely producing viable seeds, style bases persistent, globose , 0.8-1.1 mm. 2n = 24. [source]

Anredera cordifolia is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental , and it escapes and naturalizes in subtropical to subtemperate regions (C. R. Sperling 1987). In many floristic treatments, it has been confused with A. baselloides (Kunth) Baillon, a species restricted to Ecuador and Peru. Fruit- and seed-set are rare in cultivated material ; tubers are the main means by which Madeira- vine is propagated (C. R. Sperling 1987). [source]

Habit: Vine , Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: Disturbed areas, fencerows, roadsides; 0-500 m [3].

• Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-15' tall.

Habitat

Disturbed areas, fencerows, roadsides; 0-500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,077 meters (0 to 10,095 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. B. gracilis Miers
  2. Boussingaultia cordifolia Ten.
  3. Boussingaultia cordifolia Tenore, Ann. Sci. Nat. , Bot. , S and Eacute
  4. Boussingaultia gracilis Miers
  5. Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides (Hauman) Bailey
  6. R. 3, 19: 355. 1853

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5:303. 1957

Name verified on 12-Mar-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 10-Jan-2005

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Anredera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 24 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

A. aspera · A. baselloides (Gulf Madeira-Vine) · A. boliviensis · A. brachystachya · A. brachystachys · A. cordifolia (Madeira Vine Anredera Cordifolia) · A. cumingii · A. densiflora · A. diffusa · A. filiformis · A. floribunda · A. gracillis (Madeira Vine) · A. krapovickasii · A. leptostachys · A. marginata · A. minor · A. ordata · A. ramosa · A. scandens · A. spicata · A. tucumanensis · A. vesicaria (Texas Madeira-Vine) · A. volkensii · A. volkesii

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Yilin Chen, Shinobu Akiyama & Hideaki Ohba "Basellaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 445. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Anredera". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 505, 506. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Anredera cordifolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 503, 506, 507. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  4. Mean = 675.730 meters (2,216.962 feet), Standard Deviation = 683.210 based on 172 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009