Ardisia japonica

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Myrsinaceae

Trees , shrubs , climbers [or rarely herbs]. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , without stipules, often glandular . Inflorescences terminal , axillary , or at apices of lateral branches, racemose (often paniculate ), corymbose , cymose , umbellate , or fascicled on scaly spur branches in leaf axils . Flowers bisexual or polygamous, rarely unisexual and plants polygamodioecious or dioecious, 4- or 5(or 6) -merous, actinomorphic . Sepals basally connate or free , persistent , usually glandular. Petals basally connate or rarely free, usually glandular. Stamens as many as and opposite to petals, usually adnate to base or throat of corolla tube , sometimes free, rarely united into a tube; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed , dehiscing longitudinally or by apical slits or pores , rarely transversely septate ; filaments present or absent. Ovary superior, rarely inferior to half-inferior, 1-celled; placentation free-central , sometimes basal; ovules 1 to several in 11 to many rows , usually embedded in placenta, anatropous or semicampylotropous. Style 1; stigma simple or lobed . Fruit drupes with fleshy exocarp or capsules. Seeds 1 to many; endosperm fleshy or horny ; embryo x = 10-13, 23.

About 42 genera and more than 2,200 species: primarily in tropical and subtropical or warm temperate regions of both hemispheres; five genera and 120 species (51 endemic) in China.

Chinese genera of economic value include Ardisia (medicine, oil , edible, wild vegetables), Maesa (edible, tea, dye), Aegiceras (tannin, fine fuel), Embelia (vermifuge, edible), Myrsine (medicine, fine wood , tannin, fuel) .[1]

Genus Ardisia

Trees , shrubs , suffrutescent [or rarely herbs]. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate , usually punctate or punctate-lineate. Inflorescences paniculate , cymose , corymbose , or umbellate , rarely racemose. Flowers bisexual , often punctate, 5- or rarely 4-merous. Calyx campanulate or cupular; sepals free or barely united at base , imbricate or quincuncial, usually punctate or punctate-lineate. Corolla campanulate, often punctate; lobes united at base, overlapping to right or very rarely to left, imbricate, or quincuncial, often conical in bud. Stamens attached at base or middle of corolla tube ; filaments very short, broad at base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores . Ovary ovoid or subglobose, as long as or longer than petals; ovules 3 to many. Style base persistent; stigma minute, apiculate . Fruit drupaceous , 1-seeded, punctate, sometimes longitudinally ribbed , with somewhat fleshy exocarp and crusty or slightly bony endocarp. Seeds covered by membranous remnants of placenta.

About 400-500 species: primarily tropical E and SE Asia, Americas, Australia, and Pacific Islands; 65 species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . As a ground cover, space plants 5` apart, (closer for faster coverage). Control weeds with mulch until the plants cover the area.

Habitat

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -3,046 meters (0 to -9,993 feet).[3]

Biome: Disturbed areas, urban areas

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Bladhia Japonica
2. Bladhia japonica Thunb.
3. Tinus Japonica

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ardisia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1061 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. abanii · A. aberrans · A. acerosa · A. aciphylla · A. acuminata · A. acuminata var. dentata · A. acuminifolia · A. acutata · A. acutiloba · A. acutissima · A. adenanthera · A. adenopes · A. aequilonga · A. affinis · A. aguirreana · A. alabastro-alata · A. alajuelae · A. alata · A. alba · A. albiflora · A. albipedicellata · A. albipetala · A. albisepala · A. albomaculata · A. albovirens · A. aliena · A. allenii · A. alstonii · A. alternata · A. alutacea · A. alverezii · A. alyxiaefolia · A. alyxiifolia · A. amabilis · A. amanuensis · A. ambigua · A. amboinensis · A. amherstiana · A. amplexicaulis · A. amplifolia · A. anaclasta · A. anceps · A. andamanica · A. angucianensis · A. angustata · A. angustialata · A. angustifolia · A. angustissima · A. annamensis · A. antonensis · A. apoda · A. apodophylla · A. apoensis · A. applanata · A. aprica · A. apsidata · A. apus · A. aquifolioides · A. arborella · A. arborescens · A. arcuata · A. argentea · A. argenticaulis · A. arguta · A. artemata · A. asahanensis · A. asymmetrica · A. atrata · A. atrobullata · A. atropurpurea · A. atrovirens · A. attenuata · A. aurantiaca · A. auriculata · A. austin-smithii · A. austroasiatica · A. avendanoi · A. avenis · A. awarum · A. azaharensis · A. bahamensis · A. bakeri · A. balansae · A. balansana · A. bambusetorum · A. bampsiana · A. banghamii · A. baotingensis · A. baracoensis · A. barnesii · A. barthesia · A. bartlettii · A. baruana · A. basaal · A. basilanensis · A. batangaensis · A. baviensis · A. bawae · A. beibeinensis · A. bekomiensis

More Info

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Further Reading

• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 311.
• Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Normandie. Lons-le-Saunier [etc.]The Society. FRE url p. 33.
• Die Gartenwelt. Berlin: G. Schmidt, [1897- GER url p. 597, p. 623.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- ENG url p. 700.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 38, p. 81.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. ENG url p. 231.
• Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 40 1959 Cambridge, Mass.: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.], 1919- ENG url p. 273.
• L'Illustration horticole; journal international populaire de l'horticulture dans toutes ses branches. Ghent; FRE url p. 240.
• Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 302.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] ENG url p. 297.
• Natural science. London: Macmillan & Co., [1892-1899] ENG url p. 758.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 229.
• Phytochemie, von Friedrich Rochleder. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1854. GER url p. 165.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. ENG url p. 523, p. 84.
• The Review of applied entomology. [Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc.] ENG url p. 557, p. 646.
• The identification of trees & shrubs; how to recognize, without previous knowledge of botany, wild or garden trees and shrubs native to the north temperate zone, with 2, 500 diagrams made by the author. New York, Dutton[1937] ENG url p. 115.
• Chen Chieh. 1979. Myrsinaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 58: 1-147.
• Chen Chieh. 1979. Myrsinaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 58: 1-147.

Notes

Contributors

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 01, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 01, 2007:

• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5823427
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15635070
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:587115-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 587115-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 708844

Footnotes

1. Jie Chen & John J. Pipoly, III "Myrsinaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Ardisia". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 10. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = -461.130 meters (-1,512.894 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,078.780 based on 15 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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