Bellis perennis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Bellis

Perennials [annuals ], 5-20 cm (scapiform ; rhizomes herbaceous [roots fibrous ]). Stems erect , simple , strigose . Leaves basal (mostly) [sometimes cauline, reduced]; alternate; petiolate ; blades 1-nerved, obovate-spatulate to rounded , margins crenate-serrate, strigose. Heads radiate , borne singly. Involucres hemispheric , [3-]4-6[-8] × 9-13 mm. Phyllaries 13-14+ in (1-) 2(-3) series 1-nerved, oblong , subequal , herbaceous, margins entire, abaxial faces strigose. Receptacles conic [hemispheric or nearly flat] (± elongating with age), pitted , epaleate. Ray florets 35-90 (in [1-]3-4 series), pistillate , fertile ; corollas abaxially often pink- or purplish-tinged, adaxially white (closing at night). Disc florets 60-80+, bisexual , fertile; corollas pale yellow, tubes much shorter than funnelform [tubular ] throats , lobes 5, erect or incurved , deltate; style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae obconic, compressed , marginally 2-ribbed, eglandular [gland-dotted (sessile) ], faces short-strigose [glabrous or ciliate-margined]; pappi 0 [bristles ]. x = 9.

Species 15: introduced , North America; Mediterranean basin , Europe, n Africa, Macaronesia; introduced also to temperate areas worldwide.

O. Fiz et al. (2002) showed that Bellis is closely related to Bellium Linnaeus and Bellidiastrum michelii Cassini (syn. Aster bellidiastrum Scopoli). Subtribe Bellidinae (Cassini ex D. Don) Bentham should be expanded to include the latter in a group of scapiform perennials or annuals. Fiz et al. showed also that Crinitaria and Galatella (two segregates of Aster in the broad sense complex ) are sister to Bellidinae. Exact relationships of this group to other subtribes of Astereae are still undetermined.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Lawns and moist, waste places, roadsides; 0-500+ m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,212 meters (0 to 13,819 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bellis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

B. perennis (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Deep Rose' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Habanera Mix' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Habanera White With Red Tips' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Monstrosa Mixed' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Pomponette Pink' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Pomponette Red' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Robella' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Rob Roy' (English Daisy) · B. perennis 'Super Enorma' (Bruisewort) · B. perennis 'Tasso White' (Bruisewort)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A flora of western middle California, Berkeley, Cal., Encina Publishing Company, 1901. url .
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• A guide to the wild flowers by Alice Lounsberry; with sixty four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by N.L. Britton. Toronto: W. Briggs, c1899. url .
• A guide to the wild flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. With sixty-four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Mrs. Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by Dr. N.L. Britton... New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[1899] url p. 405.
• A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon: containing descriptions of all the species of flowering plants indigenous to the island, and notes on their history, distribution, and uses: with an atlas of plates illustrating some of the more inte by Henry Trimen. London: Dulau, 1893-1931. url p. 395.
• A history of gardening in England, London, J. Murray, 1910. url .
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• A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood; with sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url , , p. 214, p. 49, p. 52.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658155
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-23659
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5304283
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:184409-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 6728
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36826
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST14010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BEPE2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24655

Footnotes

1. Luc Brouillet "Bellis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 16,20, 22, 23. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Bellis perennis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 21,23. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 177.590 meters (582.644 feet), Standard Deviation = 209.780 based on 8,908 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.