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Bidens eatonii

(Eaton's Beggar-Ticks)

Overview

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Threatened
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Eaton's Beggar-Ticks, Eaton's Beggarticks

Common Names in French:

Bident D'eaton

Description

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Genus Bidens

Annuals or perennials [shrubs , vines ], 5400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect , (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate ) branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled , distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades simple , compound (leaflets petiolulate ), or 13+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B . beckii, an aquatic ), ultimate margins entire , dentate , laciniate , serrate, or toothed , faces usually glabrous , sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous , pilosulous, puberulent , scabrellous, or strigillose . Heads usually radiate or discoid , sometimes ± disciform , usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly. Calyculi of (3) 513(21+) erect to spreading or reflexed , ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous ) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , (1) 412(25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , mostly (4) 821(30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct , sometimes connate 0.050.1 their lengths, mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves , margins usually hyaline ). Receptacles flat or slightly convex , paleate; paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous , sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular . Ray florets usually 121+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter , sometimes styliferous and sterile ; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish. Disc florets (5) 1260(150+), bisexual , fertile ; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats , lobes (3) 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate ). Cypselae usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 34-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate , sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate , apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth , striate, or ± tuberculate , glabrous or hairy , each sometimes with 2 grooves ; pappi 0, or persistent, of (1) 24(8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns . x = 13.

Species 150-250+: widespread, especially in subtropical , tropical , and warm-temperate North America and South America.

Within species of Bidens, leaves may be simple, 1-pinnately compound, or 1-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately or -ternately lobed. For compound leaves, leaflets are described; for leaves mostly 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes are described; for leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed, the ultimate lobes are described. Involucres in Bidens species are subtended by more or less herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts; collectively, they constitute calyculi and they often well surpass the phyllaries. Together, phyllaries constitute involucres. In keys and descriptions here, shapes , heights , and diameters given for involucres are for involucres at flowering; involucres are sometimes notably larger in fruit. In some Bidens species, the outer and inner cypselae are obcompressed (unequally 3-4-angled) to flat, are mostly cuneate to obovate or nearly linear (broadest at or near apices), and are more or less similar except for sizes (outer smaller) ; in other species, the outer cypselae are obcompressed to flat and obovate to cuneate or linear and the inner are more or less equally 4-angled (in cross section ) and linear-fusiform (thickest near their middles and more or less attenuate toward their tips ).[1]

Physical Description

Species Bidens eatonii

Annuals , (10-) 25-70(-150) cm. Leaves: petioles (narrowly, if at all, winged ) 10-35+ mm; blades lance-ovate to lanceolate, (20-) 35-100+ × 5-25+ mm, sometimes with 1-4 lobes near bases , bases cuneate, margins serrate, seldom ciliate , apices attenuate, faces glabrous . Heads borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Peduncles 10-35+ mm. Calyculi of (2-) 3-5 ± erect , oblanceolate to linear , ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 7-25(-70+) mm, margins sometimes obscurely ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous. Involucres usually cylindric to campanulate , rarely hemispheric , (4-) 8-10(-12) × (4-) 7-9 mm. Phyllaries 5-6, oblong to lance-ovate, 8-13 mm. Ray florets usually 0, sometimes 1-3+; laminae yellow-orange, 2-5(-10) mm. Disc florets 7-30+; corollas yellowish, 2.5-3.5 mm. Cypselae blackish to purplish or red-brown, ± flattened, sometimes 3-4-angled, narrowly oblanceolate, outer 5.5-10 mm, inner 6.5-11 mm, margins barbed or ciliate (proximally antrorsely, distally retrorsely), apices ± truncate , faces ± 1-nerved, glabrous or sparsely setulose , often ± striate and/or tuberculate ; pappi of 2-4(-5) erect to spreading , antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns 3-4.5 mm. 2n = 48. [source]

Bidens eatonii may be better treated as part of B . tripartita. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Habitat

Borders of estuaries, marshes, tidal flats ; 0-10 m [2].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. B. eatonii var. illicita S. F. Blake
  2. B. eatonii var. interstes (Fassett) Fassett
  3. B. eatonii var. kennebecensis Fernald
  4. B. eatonii var. major Fassett
  5. B. eatonii var. mutabilis Fassett
  6. B. eatonii var. simulans Fassett
  7. Bidens eatonii var. fallax Fern.
  8. Bidens eatonii var. fallax Fernald
  9. Bidens eatonii var. illicita Blake
  10. Bidens eatonii var. interstes Fassett
  11. Bidens eatonii var. kennebecensis Fern.
  12. Bidens eatonii var. major Fassett
  13. Bidens eatonii var. mutabilis Fassett
  14. Bidens eatonii var. simulans Fassett

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Bidens

There are approximately 651 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

B. abadiae · B. abortiva · B. abyssinica · B. acaulis · B. acmella · B. acmelloides · B. acrifolia · B. acuta · B. acuticaulis · B. acutiloba · B. adhaerescens · B. aequisquama · B. ahnnei · B. alamosana · B. alata · B. alausensis · B. alba (Spanish Needles) · B. alba var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Ballard ex T.E.Melchert (Shepherd´s-Needle) · B. alba var. radiata (Butterfly Needles) · B. alpina · B. ambacensis · B. ambigua · B. amoena · B. amphicarpa · B. amplectens (Koko'olau) · B. amplissima (Vancouver Island Beggar-Ticks) · B. andicola · B. andicola var. cosmantha · B. andicola var. decomposita · B. andongensis · B. andrei · B. angustata · B. angustifolia · B. angustissima · B. anthemoides · B. anthriscoides · B. antiguensis · B. aoraiensis · B. apiifolia · B. arborea · B. arbuscula · B. arenicola · B. aristosa (Long-Bracted Beggar-Ticks) · B. artemisifolius · B. artemisiifolia · B. artemisiifolius · B. articulata · B. asperata · B. asplenioides · B. asymmetrica (Asymmetrical Beggar-Ticks) · B. atriplicifolia · B. atrosanguinea · B. atrosanguineus · B. attenuata · B. aurea (Arizona Beggar-Ticks) · B. aurea 'All Gold' · B. aurea 'Blacksmith's Flame' · B. aurea cream-flowered · B. aurea 'Golden Drop' · B. aurea 'Golden Eye' · B. aurea 'Hannay's Lemon Drop' · B. aurea 'Lemon Queen' · B. aurea 'Soft Yellow' · B. aurea 'Super Nova' · B. australis · B. ballsii · B. balsana · B. barrancae · B. barteri · B. baumii · B. beckiana · B. beckii · B. beckii var. beckii · B. beguinotii · B. bequaertii · B. berteroana · B. bicolor · B. bidentoides (Maryland Bur-Marigold) · B. bigelovii (Bigelow's Beggar-Ticks) · B. bigelovii var. angustiloba · B. bipennata · B. bipinnata (Spanish Needles) · B. bipinnata var. minor · B. bipinnatus · B. bipontina · B. biternata · B. blakei · B. boquetiensis · B. borianiana · B. brachycarpa · B. brandegeei · B. brasiliensis · B. brittonii · B. bruceae · B. buchneri · B. buchtienii · B. bullata · B. burundiensis · B. californica · B. camporum

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 16, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon "Bidens". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 185, 205, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Bidens eatonii". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 208, 217, 218. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-04-24