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Bidens menziesii filiformis

(Mauna Loa Beggarticks)

Overview

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Threatened
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Mauna Loa Beggarticks, Menzies Bur-Marigold

Description

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Genus Bidens

Annuals or perennials [shrubs , vines ], 5400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect , (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate ) branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled , distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades simple , compound (leaflets petiolulate ), or 13+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B . beckii, an aquatic ), ultimate margins entire, dentate , laciniate , serrate, or toothed , faces usually glabrous , sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous , pilosulous, puberulent , scabrellous, or strigillose . Heads usually radiate or discoid , sometimes ± disciform , usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly. Calyculi of (3) 513(21+) erect to spreading or reflexed , ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous ) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , (1) 412(25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , mostly (4) 821(30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct , sometimes connate 0.050.1 their lengths , mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves , margins usually hyaline ). Receptacles flat or slightly convex , paleate; paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous , sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular . Ray florets usually 121+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter , sometimes styliferous and sterile ; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish. Disc florets (5) 1260(150+), bisexual , fertile ; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats , lobes (3) 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate ). Cypselae usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 34-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate , sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate , apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth , striate, or ± tuberculate , glabrous or hairy , each sometimes with 2 grooves ; pappi 0, or persistent, of (1) 24(8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns . x = 13.

Species 150-250+: widespread, especially in subtropical , tropical , and warm-temperate North America and South America.

Within species of Bidens, leaves may be simple, 1-pinnately compound, or 1-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately or -ternately lobed. For compound leaves, leaflets are described; for leaves mostly 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes are described; for leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed, the ultimate lobes are described. Involucres in Bidens species are subtended by more or less herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts; collectively, they constitute calyculi and they often well surpass the phyllaries. Together, phyllaries constitute involucres. In keys and descriptions here, shapes , heights , and diameters given for involucres are for involucres at flowering; involucres are sometimes notably larger in fruit. In some Bidens species, the outer and inner cypselae are obcompressed (unequally 3-4-angled) to flat, are mostly cuneate to obovate or nearly linear (broadest at or near apices), and are more or less similar except for sizes (outer smaller) ; in other species, the outer cypselae are obcompressed to flat and obovate to cuneate or linear and the inner are more or less equally 4-angled (in cross section ) and linear-fusiform (thickest near their middles and more or less attenuate toward their tips ).[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Shrub

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Bidens

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 654 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

B. abadiae · B. abortiva · B. abyssinica · B. acaulis · B. acmella · B. acmelloides · B. acrifolia · B. acuta · B. acuticaulis · B. acutiloba · B. adhaerescens · B. aequisquama · B. ahnnei · B. alamosana · B. alata · B. alausensis · B. alba (Spanish Needles) · B. alba var. radiata (Sch.Bip.) Ballard ex T.E.Melchert (Shepherd´s-Needle) · B. alba var. radiata (Butterfly Needles) · B. alpina · B. ambacensis · B. ambigua · B. amoena · B. amphicarpa · B. amplectens (Koko'olau) · B. amplissima (Vancouver Island Beggar-Ticks) · B. andicola · B. andicola var. cosmantha · B. andicola var. decomposita · B. andongensis · B. andrei · B. angustata · B. angustifolia · B. angustissima · B. anthemoides · B. anthriscoides · B. antiguensis · B. aoraiensis · B. apiifolia · B. arborea · B. arbuscula · B. arenicola · B. aristosa (Long-Bracted Beggar-Ticks) · B. artemisifolius · B. artemisiifolia · B. artemisiifolius · B. articulata · B. asperata · B. asplenioides · B. asymmetrica (Asymmetrical Beggar-Ticks) · B. atriplicifolia · B. atrosanguinea · B. atrosanguineus · B. attenuata · B. aurea (Arizona Beggar-Ticks) · B. aurea 'All Gold' · B. aurea 'Blacksmith's Flame' · B. aurea cream-flowered · B. aurea 'Golden Drop' · B. aurea 'Golden Eye' · B. aurea 'Hannay's Lemon Drop' · B. aurea 'Lemon Queen' · B. aurea 'Soft Yellow' · B. aurea 'Super Nova' · B. australis · B. ballsii · B. balsana · B. barrancae · B. barteri · B. baumii · B. beckiana · B. beckii · B. beckii var. beckii · B. beguinotii · B. bequaertii · B. berteroana · B. bicolor · B. bidentoides (Maryland Bur-Marigold) · B. bigelovii (Bigelow's Beggar-Ticks) · B. bigelovii var. angustiloba · B. bipennata · B. bipinnata (Spanish Needles) · B. bipinnata var. minor · B. bipinnatus · B. bipontina · B. biternata · B. blakei · B. boquetiensis · B. borianiana · B. brachycarpa · B. brandegeei · B. brasiliensis · B. brittonii · B. bruceae · B. buchneri · B. buchtienii · B. bullata · B. burundiensis · B. californica · B. camporum

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon "Bidens". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 185, 205, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-07-04