Caesalpinia echinata

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Caesalpiniaceae

The Caesalpiniaceae are mostly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs comprising about 150 genera and 2,200 species. The leaves are stipulate , alternate, and mostly pinnately compound but may be bipinnate or simple . Like the other legume families the petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus. The flowers are in racemes , spikes or cymes, are zygomorphic, and are mostly weakly to strongly perigynous. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each; the petals are distinct , overlapping (i.e. , imbricate) in bud, with the posterior one (flag or banner ) innermost in position. The androecium usually consists of 1-10 distinct or variously united stamens, some of which are commonly reduced to nonfunctional staminodes. The pistil is simple, consisting of one style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume. -- Gerald Carr

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae

Mostly trees or shrubs . Leaves mostly pinnate, sometimes bipinnate, rarely apparently simple . Corolla usually showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal innermost in bud. Stamens 10 or fewer, distinct , usually not showy, some commonly reduced to staminodes. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) usually lacking. [Carr]

Genus Caesalpinia

Trees , shrubs and woody climbers . Leaves large, bipinnate. Flowers yellow or red, often showy. Racemes paniculate , in the upper leaf axils or terminal . Calyx teeth 5, imbricate in the bud, the lowest outside. Petals orbicular , clawed, imbricate. Stamens 10, free . Ovary sessile, usually few ovuled. Pod various, sometimes covered with spines.

About 280 species, distributed in tropics and sub-tropics.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Guilandina echinata (Lam.)sprengel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Lewis G.P., 1994-1995

Place of publication : Encycl. 1:461. 1785

Name verified on 03-Oct-2001 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 03-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Caesalpinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 379 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. acanthobotrya · C. acapulcensis (Cuasillo) · C. acinaciformis · C. acuminata · C. acutifolia · C. adnata · C. affinis · C. anacantha · C. ancashiana · C. andamanica · C. angolensis · C. angulata (Yerba Buena) · C. angulicaulis · C. angustifolia · C. aphylla · C. arenosa · C. argentina (Camiri) · C. arida · C. armata · C. axillaris · C. bahamensis · C. bahamensis bahamensis · C. bahamensis orientensis · C. bahamensis rugeliana · C. bahamensis subsp. orientensis · C. bahamensis subsp. rugeliana · C. balansae · C. barahonensis · C. barbon · C. barkeriana · C. benguetensis · C. benthamiana · C. berteroi · C. bessac · C. bicolor · C. bijuga · C. blasiana · C. bonduc (Graines Quinique) · C. bonducella · C. bonducella var. inaequiaculeata · C. borneensis · C. brachycarpa · C. bracteata · C. bracteosa (Catingueira) · C. brea · C. brevifolia · C. broomensis · C. buchii · C. burmanica · C. cacalaco (Cascalote) · C. caesia · C. caladenia (Margarita) · C. californica · C. calycina (Pau De Galinha) · C. canescens · C. cassioides · C. caudata (Tailed Caesalpinia) · C. cavanillesii · C. caymanensis · C. chicamana · C. chinensis · C. ciliata (Small Yellow Nicker) · C. cinclidocarpus · C. claibornensis · C. clementis · C. coccinea · C. colimensis · C. coluteifolia (Parolillo) · C. conzatti · C. coriacea · C. coriara · C. coriaria (American Sumac) · C. corymbosa · C. coulterioides · C. courboniana · C. crista (Gray Nicker) · C. cristata · C. cubensis · C. cucullata · C. culebrae (Smooth Yellow Nicker) · C. dasyrachis · C. dasyrhachis · C. dasyrrhachis · C. dauensis · C. decapetala (Liane Croc Chien) · C. decapetala var. japonica · C. decapeyala · C. delphinensis · C. desertorum · C. digyna · C. dinteri · C. divergens · C. domingensis · C. drepanocarpa (Sickle-Pod Holdback) · C. dubia · C. ebano · C. echinata (Pernambuco-Wood) · C. egena · C. elata · C. elliptifolia

More Info

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Further Reading

• A naturalist in Brazil; the record of a year's observation of her flora, her fauna, and her people, by Konrad Guenther translated by Bernard Miall Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931. ENG url p. 376.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 93.
• Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 17.
• Botanische Wanderungen in Brasilien. Reiseskizzen und Vegetationsbilder, von W. Detmer. Leipzig, Veit & Comp., 1897. GER url p. 114, p. 27, p. 90.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 201, p. 271, p. 390, p. 500, p. 59.
• Bulletins de l'Acad©mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. FRE url p. 786.
• Burkart, A. E. 1952. Las leguminosas Argentinas - silvestres y cultivadas, ed. 2. (Leg Argent) [mentions].
• Cannon, J. & M. Cannon. 1994. Dye plants and dyeing. The Herbert Press & The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (Dye Pl) [mentions].
• Cardoso, M. A. et al. 1998. Molec. Ecol. 7:601–608. [on genetics and conservation].
• Conspectus regni vegetabilis: secundum characteres morphologicos praesertim carpicos in classes ordines et familias digesti, adjectis exemplis nominibusque plantarum usui medico technico et oeconomico inservientium = Uebersicht de zunächst als Leitfaden Nürnberg: Joh. Leonhard Schrag, 1835. LAT url p. 35.
• Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs: versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches / Unter Mitwirkung von Max Bemberger, von Julius von Wiesner. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1914. GER url p. 183, p. 403, p. 595.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Flora of Guatemala: families Leguminosae, Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Linaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, and Malpighiaceae / by Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1946. ENG url p. 139.
• Global Tree Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website
• Green, C.L. 1995. Natural colourants and dyestuffs. A review of production and development potential. Non-Wood Forest Products 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
• Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: R. Kittler, 1852-1890. GER url p. 102, p. 350, p. 350.
• Hardwood record. Chicago: Hardwood Co., 1902-1939. ENG url p. 31.
• IBAMA. 1992. Lista oficial de espécies da flora Brasileira ameaçadas de extinçao (unpublished).
• IBAMA. 1992. Lista oficial de espécies da flora Brasileira ameaçadas de extinçao (unpublished).
• Jahreshefte des Vereins f©r vaterl©Þndische Naturkunde in W©rttemberg. Stuttgart. GER url p. 159.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1431, p. 438, p. 498, p. 590, p. 599, p. 68, p. 93.
• Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia. (Leg Bahia)
• Lewis, G. P. 1998. Caesalpinia. A revision of the Poincianella-Erythrostemon group. (Caesalpinia Poin-Ery) 152.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Me?moires /Socie?te? botanique de France. 1 1905 [Paris: La Socie?te?, 1905-1921. FRE url p. 157.
• Mikrochemie der Pflanze. Jena, G. Fischer, 1921. GER url p. 225.
• National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. (Trop Leg)
• Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: wöchentliche Berichte über die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 307.
• Neue allgemeine deutsche Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: G. Heubel's Buch- und Kunsthandlung, 1845-1851. GER url p. 476.
• Pflanzenmikrochemie: ein Hilfsbuch beim mikrochemischen Studium pflanzlicher Objekte / von Dr. O. Tunmann. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1913. GER url p. 238.
• Phytochemie, von Friedrich Rochleder. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1854. GER url p. 7.
• Plantae Brasiliae centralis a Glaziou lectae = Liste des plantes du Brsil central recueillies en 1861-1895 / par A.-F.-M. Glaziou. [Paris: Au sige de la Socit, 1905-1913] FRE url p. 157.
• Sociedade Botânica do Brasil. 1992. Centuria Plantarum Brasiliensium Extintionis Minitata. Sociedade Botânica do Brasil.
• Sociedade Botânica do Brasil. 1992. Centuria Plantarum Brasiliensium Extintionis Minitata. Sociedade Botânica do Brasil.
• The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution, and dispersal / William E. Duellman, editor. Lawrence, Kan.: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1979. ENG url p. 171, p. 472.
• Tierbau und tierleben in ihrem zusammenhang betrachtet von dr. Richard Hesse und dr. Franz Doflein. Leipzig, und BerlinB. G. Teubner, 1910-14. GER url p. 847.
• Ulibarri, E. A. 1996. Sinopsis de Caesalpinia y Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) de sudamérica. Darwiniana 34:315.
• Varty, N. 1996. Data collection forms for Brazilian Atlantic forest species.
• Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 308.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 04, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
• Varty, N. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670333
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ILD-11742
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13638261
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:482704-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 8286
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506348
• IUCN ID: 33974
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAEC3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25134

Footnotes

1. "Caesalpinia". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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