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Caesalpinia echinata

(Brazil Wood, Brazilwood, Ibirapitanga, Pau Brasil)

Overview

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Endangered
Threat status

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Brazil Wood, Brazilwood, Ibirapitanga, Pau Brasil, Pau-Brasil, Peachwood, Pernambuco Wood, Pernambuco-Wood

Common Names in Portuguese:

Brasileto, Ibirapitanga, Orabutã, Pau-Brasil, Pau-De-Pernambuco, Pau-Pernambuco, Pau-Rosado

Description

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Family Fabaceae

The Fabaceae are herbs, vines , shrubs , trees , and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants , numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate , nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple . The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual , actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes , spikes, or heads . The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united , sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate , comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells , and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae

Mostly trees or shrubs . Leaves mostly pinnate, sometimes bipinnate, rarely apparently simple . Corolla usually showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal innermost in bud. Stamens 10 or fewer, distinct , usually not showy, some commonly reduced to staminodes. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) usually lacking. [Carr]

Genus Caesalpinia

Trees , shrubs and woody climbers . Leaves large, bipinnate. Flowers yellow or red, often showy. Racemes paniculate , in the upper leaf axils or terminal . Calyx teeth 5, imbricate in the bud, the lowest outside. Petals orbicular , clawed, imbricate. Stamens 10, free . Ovary sessile, usually few ovuled. Pod various, sometimes covered with spines.

About 280 species, distributed in tropics and sub-tropics."Caesalpinia". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habit: Tree • Climbing: Not Climbing

Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: red, yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 15-20' tall.

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Caesalpinia echinata Lam.
  2. Guilandina echinata (Lam.)Sprengel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Lewis G.P., 1994-1995

Place of publication : Encycl. 1:461. 1785

Name verified on 03-Oct-2001 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 03-Oct-2001

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Caesalpinia

There are approximately 298 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. acapulcensis (Cuasillo) · C. acinaciformis · C. acuminata · C. acutifolia · C. alternifolia · C. anacantha · C. ancashiana · C. andamanica · C. angolensis · C. angulata (Yerba Buena) · C. aphylla · C. argentina (Camiri) · C. armata · C. axillaris · C. bahamensis · C. bahamensis bahamensis · C. bahamensis orientensis · C. bahamensis rugeliana · C. bahamensis subsp. orientensis · C. bahamensis subsp. rugeliana · C. balansae · C. barahonensis · C. barbon · C. barkeriana · C. benthamiana · C. bessac · C. bonduc (Anoso) · C. bonduc var. caymanensis · C. bonducella var. aequiaculata · C. bonducella var. inaequiaculeata · C. bracteata · C. bracteosa (Catingueira) · C. bracteosa f. desertorum · C. broomensis · C. buchii · C. burmanica · C. cacalaco (Cascalote) · C. caesia · C. caladenia (Margarita) · C. calycina (Pau De Galinha) · C. cassioides · C. cassioides var. pardoana · C. caudata (Tailed Caesalpinia) · C. caymanensis · C. ciliata (Canique) · C. cinclidocarpus · C. claibornensis · C. coccinea · C. colimensis · C. coluteifolia (Parolillo) · C. conzatti · C. coriacea · C. coriara · C. coriaria (Cascalote) · C. coulterioides · C. crista · C. crista var. parvistipula · C. cucullata · C. culebrae (Smooth Yellow Nicker) · C. dasyrachis · C. dauensis · C. decapetala (Bois Sappan) · C. decapeyala · C. delphinensis · C. desertorum · C. dictamnoides f. punctata · C. digyna · C. dinteri · C. domingensis · C. drepanocarpa (Sickle-Pod Holdback) · C. ebano · C. echinata (Brazil Wood) · C. elata · C. elliptifolia · C. enneaphylla · C. epifanioi · C. epunctata · C. equinata · C. erianthera · C. eriostachya · C. eriostachys (Casa Iguana) · C. erythrocarpa · C. exilifolia · C. exostemma (Abejon) · C. exostemma exostemma · C. exostemma subsp. tampicoana · C. exostemma tampicoana · C. falcaria var. capitata · C. falcaria var. densiflora · C. falcaria var. pringlei · C. falcaria var. rusbyi · C. falcaria var. stricta · C. ferrea (Brazilian Ironwood) · C. ferrea var. ferrea · C. ferrea var. glabrescens · C. ferrea var. megaphylla · C. ferrea var. parvifolia · C. ferrea var. petiolulata · C. ferrominuta · C. fimbriata

Bibliography

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More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 04, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

Last Revised: 2008-10-01