Caesalpinia paraguariensis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Caesalpiniaceae

The Caesalpiniaceae are mostly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs comprising about 150 genera and 2,200 species. The leaves are stipulate , alternate, and mostly pinnately compound but may be bipinnate or simple . Like the other legume families the petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus. The flowers are in racemes , spikes or cymes, are zygomorphic, and are mostly weakly to strongly perigynous. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each; the petals are distinct , overlapping (i.e. , imbricate) in bud, with the posterior one (flag or banner ) innermost in position. The androecium usually consists of 1-10 distinct or variously united stamens, some of which are commonly reduced to nonfunctional staminodes. The pistil is simple, consisting of one style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume. -- Gerald Carr

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae

Mostly trees or shrubs . Leaves mostly pinnate, sometimes bipinnate, rarely apparently simple . Corolla usually showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal innermost in bud. Stamens 10 or fewer, distinct , usually not showy, some commonly reduced to staminodes. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) usually lacking. [Carr]

Genus Caesalpinia

Trees , shrubs and woody climbers . Leaves large, bipinnate. Flowers yellow or red, often showy. Racemes paniculate , in the upper leaf axils or terminal . Calyx teeth 5, imbricate in the bud, the lowest outside. Petals orbicular , clawed, imbricate. Stamens 10, free . Ovary sessile, usually few ovuled. Pod various, sometimes covered with spines.

About 280 species, distributed in tropics and sub-tropics.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,080 meters (0 to 6,824 feet).[2]

Ecology: The species is found in lowland deciduous forest .

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space over 40' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Acacia paraguariensis Parodi
2. Caesalpinia melanocarpa Griseb.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Lewis G.P., 1994-1995

Similar Species

Members of the genus Caesalpinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 379 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. acanthobotrya · C. acapulcensis (Cuasillo) · C. acinaciformis · C. acuminata · C. acutifolia · C. adnata · C. affinis · C. anacantha · C. ancashiana · C. andamanica · C. angolensis · C. angulata (Yerba Buena) · C. angulicaulis · C. angustifolia · C. aphylla · C. arenosa · C. argentina (Camiri) · C. arida · C. armata · C. axillaris · C. bahamensis · C. bahamensis bahamensis · C. bahamensis orientensis · C. bahamensis rugeliana · C. bahamensis subsp. orientensis · C. bahamensis subsp. rugeliana · C. balansae · C. barahonensis · C. barbon · C. barkeriana · C. benguetensis · C. benthamiana · C. berteroi · C. bessac · C. bicolor · C. bijuga · C. blasiana · C. bonduc (Graines Quinique) · C. bonducella · C. bonducella var. inaequiaculeata · C. borneensis · C. brachycarpa · C. bracteata · C. bracteosa (Catingueira) · C. brea · C. brevifolia · C. broomensis · C. buchii · C. burmanica · C. cacalaco (Cascalote) · C. caesia · C. caladenia (Margarita) · C. californica · C. calycina (Pau De Galinha) · C. canescens · C. cassioides · C. caudata (Tailed Caesalpinia) · C. cavanillesii · C. caymanensis · C. chicamana · C. chinensis · C. ciliata (Small Yellow Nicker) · C. cinclidocarpus · C. claibornensis · C. clementis · C. coccinea · C. colimensis · C. coluteifolia (Parolillo) · C. conzatti · C. coriacea · C. coriara · C. coriaria (American Sumac) · C. corymbosa · C. coulterioides · C. courboniana · C. crista (Gray Nicker) · C. cristata · C. cubensis · C. cucullata · C. culebrae (Smooth Yellow Nicker) · C. dasyrachis · C. dasyrhachis · C. dasyrrhachis · C. dauensis · C. decapetala (Liane Croc Chien) · C. decapetala var. japonica · C. decapeyala · C. delphinensis · C. desertorum · C. digyna · C. dinteri · C. divergens · C. domingensis · C. drepanocarpa (Sickle-Pod Holdback) · C. dubia · C. ebano · C. echinata (Pernambuco-Wood) · C. egena · C. elata · C. elliptifolia

More Info

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Further Reading

• Chebez, Juan Carlos. 1994. Los que se van. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Albatros.
• Killeen, T. 1997. Comments on the species summaries for Bolivia.
• Killeen, T.J. 1993. Guia de Arboles de Bolivia. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, La Paz.
• López, J. and Little, E.L. 1987. Arboles Communes del Paraguay. Peace Corps, Washington DC.
• López, J. and Little, E.L. 1987. Arboles Communes del Paraguay. Peace Corps, Washington DC.
• Prado, D.E. 1996. Completed data collection forms for trees of Argentina and neighbouring countries.
• U.S. Department of State. 1983. Czechoslovakia.
• WCMC. (comp.) 1996. Report of the Second Regional Workshop, held at CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica, 18-20 November 1996. Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees project (unpublished).

Notes

Contributors

• Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica) 1998. Caesalpinia paraguariensis. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 31, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2864578
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ILD-7510
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:40079-2
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 40079-2
• IUCN ID: 32026
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 429447

Footnotes

1. "Caesalpinia". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 289.080 meters (948.425 feet), Standard Deviation = 506.550 based on 52 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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