Common Names
Common Names in English:
Desert Rockpurslane, Fringed Red Maid, Fringed Redmaids, Red Maids, Red-Maids, Redmaids
Description
Family Portulacaceae
Herbs annual
or perennial
, rarely ± shrubby, usually succulent, usually glabrous
except for nodal
hairs
and/or scales
. Leaves alternate or opposite; true stipules absent, nodes sometimes with axillary scales
and/or hairs; petiole
usually poorly defined or absent; leaf blade
simple
, usually fleshy
, margin
entire. Inflorescences usually terminal
, less often axillary
, in cymes or racemelike panicles, forming heads
of sessile flowers surrounded by an involucre of leaves, or reduced to solitary flowers. Bracts inconspicuous. Flowers bisexual
, very rarely unisexual
, actinomorphic
. Sepals 2, free
or basally connate
, herbaceous or scarious
. Petals 4-6 or seldom more, distinct
or basally connate, imbricate, often brightly colored
, usually short lived. Disk usually absent. Stamens 4-100, free, fascicled, or adnate
to petals; filaments
linear
; anthers
2-loculed, introrse
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Ovary superior or half-inferior, 1-loculed, 2-5-carpellate; ovules 1 to many, campylotropous; placentation basal or free-central
. Style linear; stigma 2-9-lobed. Fruit a thin-walled capsule, circumscissile or 2- or 3-valved, rarely a nut, often globose
or subglobose, smooth
. Seeds many, reniform
or globose, caruncle present or not; endosperm mostly copious
, surrounded by embryo.
About 19 genera and 500 species: mainly in more arid
regions of S hemisphere, especially Africa, South America, and Australia, fewer species in Asia, Europe, and North America; two genera (one introduced
) and six species (two endemic, two introduced) in China.[1]
Genus Calandrinia
Herbs, annual
, not rhizomatous
or stoloniferous
. Stems prostrate
to erect
, branched; nodes glabrous
. Leaves alternate, not articulate
at base
, somewhat to markedly clasping
, attachment points
linear
; blade
linear to oblanceolate
, or ovate
to spatulate
, flattened, glabrous or with elongate
unicellular hairs
. Inflorescences racemose, somewhat to markedly secund
(at least distally), elongate, bracteate
; bracts leaflike. Flowers pedicellate
; sepals persistent
in fruit, imbricate, green, distinctly angled
or keeled
, ovate, herbaceous, glabrous or with elongate, unicellular hairs; petals usually 5, red; stamens 3-15, usually opposite petals, not adnate
to petals; ovules 6-many; style present; stigmas 3. Capsules 3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent
from apex, valves
not deciduous, reflexed
after dehiscence, margins
markedly involute
; endocarp and exocarp
not separating. Seeds 10-20, black, ± ellipsoid
, reticulate
or tuberculate
viewed at 30×, glabrous, estrophiolate. x = 12.
Species 14: temperate
w Americas, with greater diversity
in w South America.[2]
Physical Description
Species Calandrinia ciliata
Stems prostrate
to ascending
, spreading
, 3-40 cm. Leaf
blades linear
to oblanceolate
, 1-10 cm, glabrous
or with elongate
,
1-cellular hairs
. Flowers: sepals 2.5-8 mm; petals 4-15 mm;
stamens 3-15; pedicel ± straight in fruit, 0.4-2.5 cm.
Capsules usually not exceeding calyx by 3+ mm.
Seeds
10-20, 1-2.5 mm wide, finely reticulate
at 30×. 2n
= 24. [source]
Calandrina ciliata is highly variable vegetatively,
especially in size, but is uniform
in flower, fruit, and seed. It
is very similar to C.
breweri (see discussion above). [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: February, March, April. • Flower Color: magenta
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 12-18" tall.
Habitat
Sandy to loamy soils, grassy areas, cultivated fields
; 10-1900 m
[3].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,500 meters (0 to 11,483 feet).[4]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Growth
Culture: Space 6-9" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Suborder:
Portulacineae
(
)
- Family:
Portulacaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Purslane Family
- Genus:
Calandrinia
(
)
- Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 77, plate 526. 1823.
- [For J. L. Calandrini, 1703-1758, Swiss botanist]
- Specific epithet:
ciliata
- (Ruiz & Pavón) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 3: 359. 1828.
- Botanical name: - Calandrinia ciliata
- Specific epithet:
ciliata
- (Ruiz & Pavón) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 3: 359. 1828.
- Genus:
Calandrinia
(
- Family:
Portulacaceae
(
- Suborder:
Portulacineae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Caryophyllanae
(
- Subclass:
Caryophyllidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- C. ciliata var. menziesii (Hooker) J. F. Macbride
- C. micrantha Schlechtendal
- Calandrinia ciliata /i> (Ruiz & Pavón) Dc.
- Calandrinia ciliata var. menziesii (Hook.) J. F. Macbr.
- Talinum ciliatum Ruiz & Pavón, Syst. Veg. Fl. peruv. Chil. , 116. 1798; Calandrinia Caulescens Kunth
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Prodr. 3:359. 1828
Name verified on 11-Jan-2008 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Calandrinia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 219 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. acaulis · C. acaulis var. magna · C. acuminata · C. acuta · C. acutisepala · C. adenosperma · C. adscendens · C. aegialitis · C. affinis · C. alba · C. ambigua · C. amoena · C. andicola · C. andrewsii · C. andrewski · C. angulata · C. arenaria · C. arenicola · C. argentea · C. arizonica · C. armeriifolia · C. aurea · C. axilliflora · C. balonensis · C. bandurriae · C. barneoudi · C. berteroana · C. biflora · C. bonariensis · C. bracteosa · C. brevipedata · C. breweri (Brewer's Rock-Purslane) · C. buridgii · C. cabrerae · C. cachinalensis · C. caesia · C. caespitosa · C. caespitosa var. rupestris · C. callithrix · C. calocephala · C. calycina · C. calycotricha · C. calyptrata · C. calyptrata var. pumila · C. canescens · C. capiapina · C. capitata · C. capituligera · C. carolinii · C. caulescens · C. caulescens menziesii · C. caulescens var. menziesii · C. cephalophora · C. cerrateae · C. cerratei · C. chamissoi · C. chromantha · C. chrysantha · C. chubutensis · C. cilata · C. ciliata (Desert Rockpurslane) · C. cistiflora · C. colchaguensis · C. columbiana · C. compacta · C. composita · C. compressa · C. conferta · C. copiapina · C. coquimbensis · C. corrigioloides · C. corymbosa · C. cotyledon · C. crassifolia · C. creethae · C. crenata · C. cumingii · C. curvifolia · C. cygnorum · C. cylindrica · C. cymosa · C. demissa · C. densiflora · C. denticulata · C. depressa · C. dianthoides · C. dielsii · C. diffusa · C. dipetala · C. discolor · C. disperma · C. elegans · C. eremaea · C. fasciculata · C. feltonii · C. fenzlii · C. ferruginea · C. filifolia · C. floribunda · C. frigida
More Info
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Further Reading
- Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. ENG url p. 310, p. 382.
- An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] ENG url p. 120, p. 121.
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (L Peru)
- Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- ENG url p. 1789, p. 1790, p. 1793, p. 1796, p. 1811.
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
- Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride; B.E. Dahlgren, editor. Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1937] ENG url p. 569.
- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. (L Ecuador)
- Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. url p. 101.
- Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. ENG url p. 49, p. 49.
- Spermatophytes, mostly Peruvian. by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1931] ENG url p. 20.
- The ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean community in southern Peru / Christine Franquemont [et al.]. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1990. ENG url p. 92.
- Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999 (L Argent)
- Lu Dequan. 1996. Portulacaceae. In: Tang Changlin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 3642.
- Ford, D. I. 1992. Systematics and Evolution of Montiopsis Subgenus Montiopsis (Portulacaceae). Ph.D. thesis. Washington University.
- Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993. Revised circumscriptions and subgeneric taxonomies of Calandrinia and Montiopsis with notes on phylogeny of the portulacaceous alliance. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 333-365.
- Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993b. Leaf morphology of Calandrinia and Montiopsis (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 366-396.
- Kelley, W. A. 1973. Pollen Morphology and Relationships in Calandrinia H. B. K. (Portulacaceae). M.S. thesis. California State University, Northridge.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- "Calandrinia ciliata". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 459, 460. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 02, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2646712
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-20464
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13738789
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:124439-3
- GRIN Nomen Number: 454693
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20464
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 124439-3
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPOR01030
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CACI2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 26928
Footnotes
- Dequan Lu & Michael G. Gilbert "Portulacaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 442. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Walter A. Kelley "Calandrinia". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 458, 459, 461. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Calandrinia ciliata". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 459, 460. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 650.010 meters (2,132.579 feet), Standard Deviation = 628.370 based on 315 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
