Overview
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- figworts, scrofulaires
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
()
- Tribe:
Calceolarieae
()
- Genus:
Calceolaria
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1770, nom. cons.
- Specific epithet:
commutata
- Molau
- Botanical name: - Calceolaria commutata Molau
- Specific epithet:
commutata
- Molau
- Genus:
Calceolaria
(
- Tribe:
Calceolarieae
(
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Calceolaria
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 20 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
C. alba (White Slipper Flower) · C. arachnoidea (Capachito) · C. biflora (Topa-Topa) · C. calycina (Slipper Flower) · C. chelidonioides (Bedding Slipperwort) · C. corymbosa (Calceolaria) · C. herbeohybrida (Pocket Book Flower) · C. integrifolia (Ladys Slipper) · C. integrifolia 'Golden Nugget' (Ladys Slipper) · C. integrifolia 'Kentish Hero' (Ladys Slipper) · C. lehmanniana (Slipper Flower) · C. mexicana (Slipper Flower) · C. multiflora (Slipper Flower) · C. salicifolia (Slipper Flower) · C. tenella (Lady's Slipper) · C. thyrsiflora (Capachito) · C. tomentosa (Slipper Flower) · C. tripartita (Splitleaf Slipperwort) · C. uniflora (Sand Lady's Slipper) · C. 'Walter Shrimpton' (Walter Shrimpton Calceolaria Calceolaria)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 November 2004.
- Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 17, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- León-Yánez, S. & Pitman, N. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Len-Ynez, S. & Pitman, N. 2004. Calceolaria commutata. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 17, 2008:
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus: The AAU Herbarium Database
- Missouri Botanical Garden
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5989513
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15844751
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:935669-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 273705-2
- IUCN ID: 196936
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1029086
Footnotes
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
