Calochortus vestae (Coast Range Mariposa Lily)

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Coast Range Mariposa, Coast Range Mariposa Lily, Vestas Mariposa

Description

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Family Liliaceae

Herbs perennial , with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled , parallel or rarely reticulate veined. Inflorescence a raceme , panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free (tepals) or united . Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted opposite perianth segments; filaments free or adnate to perianth, rarely connate into a corona ; anthers usually 2-loculed, basifixed or dorsifixed and versatile, introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , dehiscing usually by vertical slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length, rarely only at base ; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal placenta; ovules usually anatropous . Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced ) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Calochortus

Herbs, perennial , sometimes from bulbs; bulb coat membranous or fibrous-reticulate. Stems scapelike or leafy, simple or branched, glabrous , often glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf axils . Leaves sessile; basal persistent or withering by flowering, solitary, blade base sometimes attenuate and petiolelike; cauline 0-several, sometimes proximalmost appearing as basal, reduced. Inflorescences monochasiate or ± umbellate , 1-many-flowered, bracteate . Flowers: perianth globose to broadly campanulate ; sepals 3, distinct , ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially, bearing adaxial gland near base, often spotted to ± patterned; filaments widened at base; anthers usually basifixed or pseudobasifixed, linear to oblong ; ovary superior; style absent; stigmas 3. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, 3-angled or -winged, linear, oblong, or globular, dehiscence septicidal . Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, irregular or flat, coat usually hexagonally reticulate .

Species ca. 70: w North America, Central America.

Many species of Calochortus are in cultivation. Bulbs of some species were eaten by Native Americans. Petal shape, gland shape, and pubescence are exceedingly variable in many taxa but often are important in identifying species.

As part of a phylogenetic analysis of relationships within the Liliales, T. B . Patterson (1998) studied variation in noncoding cpDNA sequences throughout Calochortus. He resolved seven main clades that are geographically and ecologically strongly cohesive, including the mariposas of dry grasslands and semideserts, the star-tulips of wet meadows, the cat's ears of montane woodlands, and the fairy lanterns of closed forests . Patterson suggested that this pattern of relationships is the result of highly localized speciation within the genus.[2]

Physical Description

Species Calochortus vestae

Plants strongly bulbose ; bulb coat membranous. Stems usually branching, straight, 3-5 dm. Leaves: basal withering, 1-2 dm; blade linear . Inflorescences subumbellate, 1-3-flowered; bracts 2-5 cm. Flowers erect ; perianth open, campanulate ; sepals linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 2-3 cm; petals white to purplish, streaked red to purple proximal to gland , with median red-brown blotch surrounded by pale yellow zone, cuneate to obovate , 3-4 cm, with a few short hairs near gland, apex rounded ; glands ± doubly lunate , not depressed , densely covered with short hairs; filaments equaling anthers ; anthers oblong-linear, apex obtuse or acute. Capsules erect, linear, angled , 4-7 cm, apex acute. Seeds light beige, flat, 4-6 mm. 2n = 28. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: lavender, magenta, mauve , near white, pink, red, red-purple, rose, violet, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 6-12" tall.

Habitat

Heavy clay soils in mixed evergreen and pine forests ; 500--900 m [3].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 3-6" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Liliopsida () - Scopoli, 1760
        Subclass: Liliidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Lilianae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Liliales () - Perleb, 1826
        Family: Liliaceae () - Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons. - Lily Family
        Subfamily: Scrophularioideae ()
        Tribe: Calceolarieae ()
        Genus: Calochortus () - Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 240. 1814. - [Greek kalos, beautiful, and chortos, grass]
        Specific epithet: vestae - Purdy, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 18: 14. 1895 (as vesta).
        Botanical name: - Calochortus vestae

Unambiguous Synonyms

Calochortus luteus var. oculatus S. Wats.
Calochortus Luteus Vestae

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Calochortus

There are approximately 216 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Search for Pictures: images.google.com
Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
"Calochortus vestae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 122, 132, 135. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 9352888
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-301804
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754771
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42876
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0D1H0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CALUO
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27043

Footnotes

Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
P. L. Fiedler & R. K. Zebell "Calochortus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 51, 57, 119. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Calochortus vestae". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 122, 132, 135. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Calochortus vestae

Overview

Common Names

Description

Family Liliaceae

Genus Calochortus

Physical Description

Species Calochortus vestae

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calochortus

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes