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Camissonia confertiflora

(Bunch Flower Evening Primrose)

Overview

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Critically Endangered
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Bunch Flower Evening Primrose, Grand Canyon Suncup

Description

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Family Onagraceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs , rarely trees to 30 m tall, often with epidermal oil cells , usually with internal phloem . Leaves simple , spirally arranged , opposite, or occasionally whorled , entire or toothed to pinnatifid ; stipules present and usually caducous , or absent. Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic, (2-) 4(-7) -merous, axillary , in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube , nectariferous within. Sepals green or colored , valvate . Petals as many as sepals or rarely absent, variously colored, imbricate or convolute and occasionally clawed. Stamens as many as sepals in one series or 2 × as many as sepals in 2 series [in Lopezia Cavanilles reduced to 2 or 1 plus 1 sterile staminode]; anthers versatile or basifixed , dithecal , sometimes cross-partitioned, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains almost always united by viscin threads, shed as monads , tetrads , or polyads . Ovary inferior, with as many carpels and locules as sepals, septa sometimes thin or absent at maturity; placentation axile or parietal , ovules 1 to many per locule, in 1 or several rows or clustered, anatropous , bitegmic; style 1; stigma with as many lobes as sepals or clavate to globose . Fruit a loculicidal capsule or indehiscent nut or berry. Seeds small, smooth or variously sculptured , sometimes with a coma [or wing], with straight oily embryo, endosperm lacking.

Seventeen genera and ca. 650 species: widespread in temperate and subtropical areas, but best represented in W North America; six genera (two introduced ), 64 species (11 endemic, 11 introduced), and five natural hybrids (two endemic) in China.

Onagraceae are a well-defined, monophyletic family in the order Myrtales, with a sister relationship to Lythraceae. Within the order Myrtales, the Onagraceae are distinguished by a number of features including (1) a distinctive 4-nucleate embryo sac; (2) abundant raphides in vegetative cells ; (3) paracrystalline beaded pollen ektexine; and (4) pollen with viscin threads.

Some species of Oenothera are grown for the oil in their seeds, which contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA), used for medicinal purposes. Several species of Onagraceae also are cultivated in China for their horticultural value, including species of Fuchsia Linnaeus (generally distinguished by having large, tubular , red or orange flowers and fleshy berries ) and Clarkia Pursh (distinguished by having stigmas with commissural lobes with dry, unicellular papillae, and dry, elongate capsules similar to those of Epilobium but lacking comas on the seeds) . The most commonly cultivated Fuchsia is F. ×hybrida Hort. and the related F. magellanica Lamarck in F. sect. Quelusia (Vandelli) Candolle from South America; F. triphylla Linnaeus, in F. sect. Fuchsia, from Hispaniola, is known from only one gathering in Fujian. Similarly, Clarkia amoena (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is widely cultivated in China, whereas C. pulchella Pursh is known from only one gathering in Xizang; both species are native to W North America. There are no naturalized species of either Clarkia or Fuchsia in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Oenothera confertiflora Raven

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Camissonia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 143 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. acuminata · C. andina (Blackfoot River Evening-Primrose) · C. angelorum · C. arenaria (Fortuna Range Suncup) · C. atwoodii (Atwood's Evening-Primrose) · C. bairdii (Baird's Evening-Primrose) · C. benitensis (San Benito Evening-Primrose) · C. bilgardii · C. bistorta (Southern Suncup) · C. bistorta 'Sunflakes' (Southern Sun Cups) · C. boothii (Booth's Evening-Primrose) · C. boothii boothii (Pine Creek Evening-Primrose) · C. boothii condensata (Shredding Suncup) · C. boothii decorticans · C. boothii subsp. decroticans · C. boothii desertorum (Shredding Suncup) · C. boothii intermedia (Booth's Evening-Primrose) · C. boothii subsp. alyssoides (Alyssum Evening-Primrose) · C. boothii subsp. condensata (Shredding Suncup) · C. boothii subsp. decorticans (Shredding Suncup) · C. boothii subsp. desertorum (Desert Suncup) · C. boothii subsp. intermedia (Booth's Evening-Primrose) · C. breviflora (Fewflower Evening-Primrose) · C. brevipes (Golden Suncup) · C. brevipes brevipes · C. brevipes pallidula (Golden Suncup) · C. brevipes subsp. arizonica (Golden Suncup) · C. brevipes subsp. pallidula (Pallid Suncup) · C. californica (California Primrose) · C. campestris (Mojave Desert Suncup) · C. campestris campestris (Mojave Suncup) · C. campestris obispoensis (Obispo Suncup) · C. campestris subsp. obispoensis (Obispo Suncup) · C. cardiophylla (Heart-Leaf Suncup) · C. cardiophylla cardiophylla (Heart-Leaf Suncup) · C. cardiophylla robusta (Heartleaf Suncup) · C. cardiophylla subsp. robusta (Heartleaf Suncup) · C. chamaenerioides (Long-Capsule Suncup) · C. cheiranthifolia (Beach Evening Primrose) · C. cheiranthifolia cheiranthifolia (Beach Suncup) · C. cheiranthifolia subsp. suffruticosa (Beach Suncup) · C. cheiranthifolia suffruticosa · C. clavaeformis · C. claviformis (Clavate-Fruited Primrose) · C. claviformis aurantiaca (Beach Suncup) · C. claviformis cruciformis (Browneyes) · C. claviformis funerea (Browneyes) · C. claviformis integrior (Browneyes) · C. claviformis lancifolia (Lanceleaf Browneyes) · C. claviformis peeblesii (Peebles' Browneyes) · C. claviformis peirsonii (Peirson's Browneyes) · C. claviformis rubescens (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. aurantiaca (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. cruciformis (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. funerea (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. integrior (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. lancifolia (Lanceleaf Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. peeblesii (Peebles' Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. peirsonii (Peirson's Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. rubescens (Browneyes) · C. claviformis subsp. wigginsii · C. claviformis subsp. yumae (Yuma Browneyes) · C. claviformis var. purpurescens · C. claviformis yumae (Yuma Browneyes) · C. confertiflora (Bunch Flower Evening Primrose) · C. confusa (San Bernardino Suncup) · C. contorta (Plains Evening-Primrose) · C. crassifolia · C. dentata · C. eastwoodae · C. eastwoodiae (Eastwood Evening-Primrose) · C. exilis (Cottonwood Springs Suncup) · C. flava · C. gouldii (Diamond Valley Suncup) · C. graciliflora · C. guadalupensis (Guadalupe Evening-Primrose) · C. guadalupensis clementina (Slender-Flower Suncup) · C. guadalupensis subsp. clementina (Clementine Suncup) · C. hallii · C. hardhamiae (Hardham's Evening-Primrose) · C. heteranthera · C. heterochroma (Shockley's Evening-Primrose) · C. hilgardii · C. hirtella (Santa Cruz Island Suncup) · C. ignota (Jurupa Hills Suncup) · C. integrifolia (Kern River Evening-Primrose) · C. intermedia (Booth's Evening-Primrose) · C. kernensis (Kern County Evening-Primrose) · C. kernensis gilmanii (Gilman's Evening-Primrose) · C. kernensis subsp. gilmanii (Gilman's Evening-Primrose) · C. lacustris (Grassland Suncup) · C. lavandulaefolia · C. lewisii (Lewis' Evening-Primrose) · C. luciae (Santa Lucia Suncup) · C. megalantha (Intermountain Evening-Primrose) · C. micrantha (Miniature Suncup) · C. minor (Nelson Evening-Primrose) · C. multijuga (Frost-Stem Suncup) · C. munzii (Death Valley Suncup) · C. nevadensis (Nevada Evening-Primrose)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 03, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Jiarui Chen, Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven, David E. Boufford & Warren L. Wagner "Onagraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 274, 290, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009